Benefits of Organic Matter Nutrient Supply Each percent of organic matter releases 20 to 30 pounds of nitrogen 4.5 to 6 pounds phosphorus 2 to 3 pounds.

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Presentation transcript:

Benefits of Organic Matter Nutrient Supply Each percent of organic matter releases 20 to 30 pounds of nitrogen 4.5 to 6 pounds phosphorus 2 to 3 pounds sulfur 1. Managing Cover Crops Profitably Third Edition

Water Holding Capacity Organic matter act like a sponge. It will hold up to 90% of its weight in water. Soil Structure Aggregation Organic matter causes soil to form aggregates which helps with water infiltration. Erosion Prevention Increasing soil organic matter from 1 to 3 percent can reduce Erosion by 20 to 30 percent because of water infiltration

Plant Nitrogen, lb/ac Lentil Canola Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

Plant Dry Wt, lb/ac No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Nitrogen No Nitrogen

Grain Yield, bu/ac No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Nitrogen No Nitrogen

Grain Protein, % Nitrogen No Nitrogen No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

Soil Nitrate, lb/ac No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Aug NO3 Oct NO3

Soil Moisture, % No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Soil Moisture, %

No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

Plant Nitrogen, % Nitrogen No Nitrogen No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

Plant Dry Wt, lb/ac No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Nitrogen No Nitrogen

Soil Phosphorus, lb/ac No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Aug P Oct P

Lentil Canola Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Dry Matter, lb/ac

Plant Nitrogen, lb/ac Lentil Canola Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

Plant Carbon, lb/ac Lentil Canola Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

Producer Farm Research

Increase Soil Carbon Incorporating cover crops to increase soil quality, SARE grant with Dan Forgey Producer Gettysburg, SD

Methods Cover Crop No Cover Crop (Fallow)  Lentils  Canola  Cowpea  Canola/Lentils  Canola/Cowpea  Canola/Cowpea/Lentils  Radish/Cowpea/Lentils  Turnip/Cowpea/Lentils

Methods Corn Management –Planting Date: May 13 –Population: 22,000 plant/ac –Fertilizer: 45 lb ( ) 10 lb ( ) 220 lb (46-0-0) –Hybrid: Producer RR CB

Fall Cover Crop Biomass Lentil Canola Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Dry Matter, lb/ac

Fall Cover Crop Nitrogen Plant Nitrogen, lb/ac Lentil Canola Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

Fall Cover Crop Carbon Plant Carbon, lb/ac Lentil Canola Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

August Soil Moisture (0 – 3 ft) Soil Moisture, % No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Soil Moisture, %

No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

Soil Nitrate, lb/ac No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Aug NO3 Oct NO3 ABAB ABCDCD ABAB ABAB ABAB ABCABC ACDCD ABAB BCBC ABAB ABAB ABAB CDCD BD

Soil Phosphorus, lb/ac No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Aug P Oct P

Grain Yield, bu/ac No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil Nitrogen No Nitrogen

Grain Protein, % Nitrogen No Nitrogen No Cover Crop Lentil Canola Cowpea Canola/Lentil Canola/Cowpea Canola/Cowpea/Lentil Radish/Cowpea/Lentil Turnip/Cowpea/Lentil

Turnips grow fast and can be grazed as early as 70 days after planting.They reach nearmaximum production level in 80 to 90 days.The proportion of top growth to roots for turnips can vary from 90% tops and 10% roots to 15% tops and 85% roots.Turnips can be seeded any time from when soil temperature reaches 50°F until 70 days before a killing frost. Note: Sheep producers need to be

It’s up to you. Rarely, if ever, do we get something for nothing. In human endeavors, results are usually highly correlated with investments in terms of thought, time, effort, and a certain amount of money. In particular,the best and most profitable forage programs have had the most thought put into them.