Bell Ringer: MondayBell Ringer: Monday –What do you know about colonization (exploration)? –I have your quizzes. Please track your progress

Reminders Track progress! Not here Friday? You need to take the quiz tomorrow after school!

Motivations for Exploration During the Renaissance, a desire for new trade routes to Asia led to an Age of Exploration: –Led by Spain & Portugal, explorers found new trade routes, colonies, & people to Christianize –Colonization in North America led to destruction of Indian culture, permanent settlements for whites, & wealth for European nations

America Prior to the Arrival of Europeans

Locations of Major Indian Groups and Culture Areas in the 1600s

The Columbian Exchange The arrival of Europeans led to the introduction of new products between Indians & Europeans called the Columbian Exchange: –Indians introduced corn, tobacco, potatoes, peanuts to whites –Europeans introduced horses, livestock, citrus, & diseases –An estimated 90% of Indians died due to European disease

The Spanish Colonies in America

Spanish Colonies in North America

Motivation: –Trade, religion, land –Mexico, Florida, ‘west coast’ Economy: Desire for wealth –Used Indian & African slave labor to mine gold & silver –Built encomiendas (plantations) to farm cash crops Government: Royal control –Spanish colonies were funded & controlled by the monarch

Spanish Colonies in North America Society: Strictly controlled –Viceroys were sent to rule –Creoles were white colonists living in Spanish colonies; had opportunities for land & wealth Interaction: inter-marriage with Indians & a mixed-race population (mestizos) –Indians & African slaves made up the bottom of society

The French Colonies in America

French Colonies in North America

Motivations: –After Champlain’s attempt to find a NW passage through Canada, he founded Quebec –The “French crescent” included Canada, the Mississippi River, & New Orleans –Missionaries converted Native Americans to Catholicism Like Spain, the French gov’t encouraged converting Indians & establishing missions

French Colonies in North America Government: Royal control –The French colonies were strictly controlled by royal governors Economy: Desire for fur trade –Most French colonists profited from the fur trade, small-scale farming, or lumbering Society/Interaction: Friendly with Indians –Because the French needed furs, they were the most friendly with the local Native Americans

The English Colonies in America

The English Colonies Motivation/Reasons: In the 1600s, English settlers arrived in North America –English colonization differed from Spanish & French because the English gov’t had no desire to create a centralized empire in the New World –Different motivations by English settlers led to different types of colonies

Migrating to the English Colonies 17 th century England faced major social changes: –The most significantly was a boom in population; Competition for land, food, jobs led to a large mobile population (vagrants?) –People had choices: could move to cities, Ireland, Netherlands, or America (but this was most expensive & dangerous)

British Colonies in North America

Motivations: Many different reasons – Economic: Escape poverty or gain wealth from cash crop farming –Religious: For religious freedom & to escape religious persecution As a result, the British colonies were very different from each other & were never very unified

British Colonies in North America Government: –The colonies differed from French & Spanish because the British gov’t had no desire to create a centralized empire in America –Britain developed a policy called salutary neglect in which the colonists could create local laws & taxes in their colonial assemblies –Royal governors were sent by the king, but they had little power

British Colonies in North America Economy & Society: –The societies & economies of the British colonies were dependent upon the reasons people settled

Closure Activity In order to review the Spanish, French, Dutch, & British colonies, students will be presented with a series of “potential immigrants” to North America. For each person: –Determine the best colonial region for that person to move to –Provide a brief explanation that supports your decision

Potential Immigrant: A poor, unmarried man looking to make his fortune

Potential Immigrant: A person with very religious beliefs

Potential Immigrant: A woman looking for new opportunities in America

Potential Immigrant: A person looking for political freedom & the ability help make laws

Potential Immigrant: A Native American looking for freedom from European control

Potential Immigrant: A person who enjoys living “where the action is” (a place where something exciting is always happening)

Potential Immigrant: A father looking for safety & security for his family

Potential Immigrant: An entrepreneur looking for a location to open a business specializing in shipping