Stefan Falke Center for Air Pollution Impact and Trend Analysis Washington University in St. Louis Brooke Hemming US EPA – Office of Research and Development An Integrated Fire, Smoke and Air Quality Data & Tools Network

GAO Report Geospatial Information: Technologies Hold Promise for Wildland Fire Management, but Challenges Remain (October 2003) These challenges are compounded by the fact that fire management extends beyond the responsibility of a single agency  Data: Geospatial data are not consistently available and not compatible across agencies  Systems: Agencies have developed multiple, duplicative systems that are not interoperable  Infrastructure: Consistent infrastructure to support geospatial data use is needed  Staffing: Inconsistencies among specialists who work with geospatial data  New products: Agencies are not aware of new technology available to them

Future Fire Management Scenario National Research Council Report, “IT Roadmap to a Geospatial Future” (2003)IT Roadmap to a Geospatial Future  The wildfire hazard system automatically monitors for early detection of outbreaks  Combines satellite measurements with historical data and models  Models are run and updated in real time to determine fire extent and smoke impact  Enables real time analysis by a control team

Distributed Data Sources Numerous state, regional, and national fire related databases and online access applications exist. The challenge is to integrate them “on-the-fly” without requiring substantial changes to the underlying systems. Also needed is access data sources that are not “Web-ready”. In many cases, we need to combine information from multiple sources BlueSkyRAINS GeoMAC WFASUSGS NOAA UMaryland

Demonstration Project  Objectives: To demonstrate the utility of new information technologies in creating an integrated network of data and tools for fire, smoke, and air quality management.  Link multiple existing data and tools without requiring substantial modification on the provider’s end and provide interfaces that make the links transparent to the end user.  “Add value” to the linked data through the application of web services  How can new “nodes” join the network and benefit from existing technology and methods?

DataFed.net Web Services  Aid the flow of aerosol data  Develop processing tools  Support specific projects DataFed is a web-based infrastructure that supports data sharing and processing for collaborative air quality management and atmospheric science research. DataFed Goals Facilitate the access and flow of atmospheric data from provider to users Support the development of user-driven data processing value chains Participate in specific application projects Software for the Developer Registration software for adding distributed datasets to the data federation Web services for executing data access, processing and rendering tasks Web service chaining facility for composing custom-designed data views DataFed Technologies and Architecture Form-based, semi-automatic, third-party wrapping of distributed data Web services (based on XML standards) for the execution of specific tasks Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) for building loosely coupled application programs

Distributed Voyager Fire Data Application The fire location data (indicated by red dots) and PM 2.5 concentrations (indicated by yellow circles) are accessed using data ‘wrappers’ that are linked to their respective data sources (European Space Agency and RPO-VIEWS).

Fire Emissions and Fire History 1999 county level NEI wildland fire SO2 emissions (yellow column) 1999 county level NEI prescribed fire SO2 emissions (orange columns) 1999 BLM fire history database number of acres burned (red circles) The sizes of the yellow and orange bars are proportional to the tons of emissions in a county. The size of the red circles is proportional the number of acres burned in a fire.

Beyond Distributed Data: Web Services Web services are generally defined as software applications invoked over the Web with eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-based standards. They are self-contained and use XML for describing themselves and communicating with other web resources, thereby allowing them to be reused in a variety of independent applications. Because they are designed to be independent of any particular database platform, they are ideally suited for building a distributed database and tools network. Many of the analysis and processing tools used by the air emissions management community could benefit from web service technology. Not only can their data be shared but heterogeneous, distributed tools that operate on that data can be shared as well. A longer term vision for web services is to be able to “orchestrate” or “chain” multiple services from multiple providers so that new web applications can be constructed. Service Requestor Service Broker Service Provider Service Provider 1. Publish 2. Find 3. Bind 4. Chain

Spatial Interpolation Service From the Voyager interface (or other interfaces), the spatial interpolation service is called. The interpolation settings are set and the input point data set is interpolated to an estimated continuous surface.

Add Local Data Service Other web services might include: difference/ratio calculations, statistics for comparing data/models, resolving spatial and temporal scales differences, customized queries, emissions estimation … From the Voyager interface you launch the Add Point Data Service, copy and paste your data (lat, lon, value), and add it to the map. Add Point Data Service The interpolated surface contains gaps in your area of interest. However, you have some data on your local PC that is comparable and would like to include it in the map.

Fire and Air Quality Data Web Services Network Data ‘wrappers’ are used to translate the format of data sets so that they are accessible The data are accessed from their distributed sources Descriptive information about the datasets and their access instructions are registered in the data catalog GIS-type interfaces to web services provide users with ways to view, analyze, and export the data Fire Data Catalog FS Coarse Spatial Data NEI Fire Emissions BLM Fire History Wildland Fire Assessment System MODIS Fire Detection VIEWS Data Wrappers ftp text tables RDBMS Data Sources MS Access JPG Web Applications Mediators & Web Services