“VULNERABLE SENIOR CITIZEN HOUSING PROVIDED BY THE STATE OF CHILE, RISK EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT THROUGH ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN ” Marcela Pizzi - John Chalmers - Viviana Fernández - Daniel Bunout - Paulina Osorio - Valentina Avendaño - Macarena Cusato - Karen Rivera University of Chile

Hypothesis Seniors autonomy in performing Basic Activities of Daily Living, (BADL) and risk is directly related with architectural and equipment design. In these terms functionality depends not only on physiological aspects but is also is affected by the formal characteristics of the environment. With an adequate diagnosis it is posible to develop guidelines for more aproppriate designs for this age group.

Objectives Contrast dimensional characteristics of the built environment and performance of BADL in representative cases of housing provided by the State of Chile to autonomous seniors.

Special Attention Programs Senior Condominiums for independent seniors (Condominiums) for dependent seniors (Long stay establishments) sets aside 2% of social housing stock from government programs. Does not include special design conditions 1 level housing (25m2) with some adaptions plus common spaces. Senior Public Policies in Chile Needs are acknowledged for the first time

LOCATION 2007 Supervized Housing 1990 Special Attention Program 1997 Condominiums for Seniors

1990 Special Attention Program 1. “El Refugio”, Puente Alto 8 cases

1997 Condominiums for Seniors “La Primavera” 8 cases

2007 Supervized Condominiums “Tuteladas San Ramón“ 8 cases

Based on the Katz Scale which considers self-care tasks Personal Hygiene and grooming Dressing and undressing Self feeding Functional transfers (getting into and out of bed or wheelchair, getting onto or off toilet, etc.) Bowel and bladder management Ambulation (walking without use of an assistive device (walker, cane, or crutches) or using a wheelchair Katz, S; Ford, A.B.; Moskowitz, A.W.; Jackson, B.A.; Jaffe, M.W; 1963

We identified de spaces and equipment directly related to the activity describing in detail the operations needed for each of them, and identify risk during performance. Operations Dressing and Undressing Self feeding Functional Transfers Use of Toilet Personal Hygiene and grooming Bathing Hand Washing Open Main Door Enter house Close Main Door Move Between rooms Enter Bedroom Enter Bathroom Enter Kitchen Go to patio Sit on toilet Raise from toilet Open closets Unhang clothes Open Drawers Close Drawers Heat Water Enter or get out shower or tub Open water taps Reach Shower Reach soap Reach towels Heat Water Open water taps Reach soap Wash hands Wash body Wash hair Reach towels Reach Cutlery Reach pots and Pans Reach Food Wash Utensils

Requirements Imposed to the senior by the activity RDIMRDIM EDIMEDIM Disfunctions Impacts Morphology Incoherencies between the housing design and senior’s functionality Consequences on senior’s autonomy Relation between housing design and Impacts on seniors

We developed data collection instruments Identification

Valued Impact for activity performance Fear Discomfort Difficulty Pain Chooses not to perform

Objective Subjetive Based on Documents Professionals Based on Knowledge SeniorsBased on his/her life experiences References Based on disciplinary knowledge and codes Methodology

In a first level analysis of the data from the point of how many operations present problems in their preformance, we can tell the most conflictive actions

In a second level of analysis, looking for the presence of Requirements, we find out those most relevant related to Height – Equilibrium – Strength – Mobility and Clenching

In a third level of analysis, we search for the Impacts, (Consequences) such as Fear - Discomfort - Difficulty Pain and Inhibition (Chooses or cannot perform).

Major Findings Exterior Spaces Need of Outdoor Spaces Related to the Unit

Exterior Spaces: Security

Height

Layout

Size

Furniture and appliances