Kinetic Theory of Gases Chemistry Mrs. Coyle. Part I- Kinetic Molecular Theory and Pressure.

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Presentation transcript:

Kinetic Theory of Gases Chemistry Mrs. Coyle

Part I- Kinetic Molecular Theory and Pressure

Gas Phase

State Variables of a Gas: describe the State of a Gas (PVT) SI Unit Pressure (P) Pascals Pa Volume (V) m 3 Temperature (T) Kelvin Amount of gas molecules mol

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) 1 atm =760mmHg (torr) = kPa 273K =0 0 C

Pressure P= F A Units of Pressure: pascal, mmHg, atm 1 Pa = 1 N/m 2

Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)- Ideal Gases 1.The volume of the individual particles of a gas are negligible compared to the distances between them. 2.The particles are in constant motion. The collisions of the particles with the walls of the container cause pressure.

KMT Continued 3.The particles are assumed not to exert attracting or repelling forces on each other. The collisions are perfectly elastic. No kinetic energy is lost before and after the collision. 4.The average kinetic energy of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature.

Simulation e/JavaApp/Mole/e-gas.htmlhttp://www2.biglobe.ne.jp/~norimari/scienc e/JavaApp/Mole/e-gas.html

Part II Temperature and KE Measuring Pressure: Barometer, Manometer

Temperature How hot – cold Average kinetic energy of molecules.

Temperature Scales Freezing Point of WaterBoiling Point of Water Celsius0100 Kelvin Fahrenheit32212 K=273+C (absolute zero: 0 K) F=(9/5)C +32 When you increase T by one degree C, how many K do you increase by?

Kinetic Energy KE= ½ m v 2 v speed, m mass Example: speed of oxygen molecule at 25 o C = 443 m/s

Manometer- Open End P C =P B P A = Atmospheric Pressure P B =P A + P AB P AB is measured in mmHg (torr) P AB is called gauge pressure. Gas Sample

Manometer- Closed End “Barometer” P C =P B P A = 0 atm P B = P AB Gas Sample