Tasha, Heather and Nikki Ovaries Tasha, Heather and Nikki

Topics Intro Location Hormones secreted Target cells affected by hormones Feedback Complication due to damage of the ovaries

Introduction – what are the ovaries? The essential part of a woman’s reproductive system Responsible for giving a woman all of her secondary sex characteristics Allow women to become pregnant Storage of the eggs

Location of the Ovaries Two almond shaped glands Located just underneath the ends of the fallopian tubes are placed on either side of the uterus

Hormones Secreted Estrogen – Steroidal hormone Progesterone – Steroidal hormone Each of the hormones are constantly being produced.

Estrogen Promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics, Thickening of the endometrium Regulating menstrual cycle Decelerate height growth Reduce muscle mass Thicken the vaginal wall Accelerate metabolism While estrogens are present in both men and women, they are usually present at significantly higher levels in women of reproductive age. They promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics, such as breasts, and are also involved in the thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of regulating the menstrual cycle. In males, estrogen regulates certain functions of the reproductive system important to the maturation of sperm[4][5][6] and may be necessary for a healthy libido.[7][8] Furthermore, there are several other structural changes induced by estrogen in addition to other functions. In dentistry, it reduces hyperkeratinization of the gingiva and increase vascular permeability, exudation, and edema.[citation needed] Structural promote formation of female secondary sex characteristics decelerate height growth[9] accelerate metabolism (burn fat) reduce muscle mass stimulate endometrial growth increase uterine growth increase vaginal lubrication thicken the vaginal wall maintenance of vessel and skin reduce bone resorption, increase bone formation morphic change (endomorphic -> mesomorphic -> ectomorphic

Target Cells of Estrogen mammary gland, uterus, brain Uterus – thickens the inner wall of the uterus (endometrium) stimulates the glands of the cervix to secrete a particular type of mucus to allow transportation of the sperm to the uterus Mammary glands – stimulates the production and secretion of milk Brain – is responsible for the way women think and act differently from men

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Progesterone Involved in maintaining pregnancy Helps prepare the body for conception Plays a role in sexual desire Causes the endometrium to secrete special proteins during the second half of the menstrual cycle Encourages the growth of milk producing glands in the breast during pregnancy Partly responsible for symptoms of PMS One of progesterone's most important functions is to cause the endometrium to secrete special proteins during the second half of the menstrual cycle, preparing it to receive and nourish an implanted fertilized egg. If implantation does not occur, estrogen and progesterone levels drop, the endometrium breaks down and menstruation occurs. If a pregnancy occurs, progesterone is produced in the placenta, and levels remain elevated throughout the pregnancy. The combination of high estrogen and progesterone levels suppress further ovulation during pregnancy. Progesterone also encourages the growth of milk-producing glands in the breast during pregnancy. High progesterone levels are believed to be partly responsible for symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), such as breast tenderness, feeling bloated and mood swings. When you skip a period, it could be because of failure to ovulate and subsequent low progesterone levels.

Target Cells of Progesterone Uterus – secretions of the proteins, prepares it for conception Mammary Glands – promotes growth of the glands Brain – keeps desires high

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Complications due to Damages of the Ovary Inability to become pregnant All or the secondary sex characteristics would become less visible Menstrual cycle would stop