Spain Dates and Places: 1600 to 1700 Iberian peninsula and the Americas People: Catholic nation War leaves economy in decline Absolute monarchs DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ, Water Carrier of Seville, ca Fig

Spain Themes : Martyrs Genre Portraits Forms : Realism Tenebrism Dramatic chiaroscuro DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ, Water Carrier of Seville, ca Fig

Spain FRANCISCO DE ZURBARÁN, Saint Serapion, Fig

Spain Example: Brutal realism Dramatic chiaroscuro Tenebrism Martyr Attention focused on tragic death Common-looking saint FRANCISCO DE ZURBARÁN, Saint Serapion, Fig

Spain DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ, Las Meninas, Fig

Spain Example: Royal portrait Enigmatic image of absolute monarchy Artist’s status in creating king’s image Vision, space, reflection Spanish realism Art of painting as subject DIEGO VELÁZQUEZ, Las Meninas, Fig

Flanders Dates and Places: 1600 to 1700 Belgium People: Part of Spanish Empire Catholic Connections to other European courts ANTHONY VAN DYCK, Charles I Dismounted, ca Fig

Flanders Themes : Life of Christ Portraits Forms : Dynamic and exuberant Theatrical treatment of space and figures Rich color and painterly technique ANTHONY VAN DYCK, Charles I Dismounted, ca Fig

Flanders PETER PAUL RUBENS, Elevation of the Cross, Fig

Flanders Example: Combines Michelangelo, Titian, and contemporaries Composition with strong diagonal Herculean figures twist and strain Rich color, chiaroscuro PETER PAUL RUBENS, Elevation of the Cross, Fig

Flanders PETER PAUL RUBENS, Arrival of Marie de’ Medici at Marseilles, 1622–1625. Fig

Flanders Example: Series of Life of Queen of France Propaganda Dramatic allegories of her right to rule Lavish spectacle Decorative splendor Vigorous, monumental figures PETER PAUL RUBENS, Arrival of Marie de’ Medici at Marseilles, 1622–1625. Fig

Dutch Republic Dates and Places: 1600 to 1700 Holland People: Free from Spanish rule Protestant Merchant and middle class Civic groups Wealth from trade, agriculture REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Self-Portrait, ca. 1659–1660. Fig

Dutch Republic Themes : Portraits Landscape Genre scenes Still life Forms : Realistic treatment of form and surface Convincing illusionism Obsessive description RACHEL RUYSCH, Flower Still Life, after Fig

Dutch Republic JUDITH LEYSTER, Self-Portrait, ca Fig

Dutch Republic Example: Portraits of middle class Convey personality, character Spontaneity Calvinist austerity but social status visible Self-portrait of woman artist Emphasizes act of painting JUDITH LEYSTER, Self-Portrait, ca Fig