Mammal + ology = ? Mammalology ? Mammology ? Mammalogy !!!

Mammalian diversity 28 Extant (living) Orders 153 Families 1230 Genera ____________________ So what is classification? __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ ____:______________________

Is that a lot,? Amphibians4,020 species Reptiles6,600 species Birds10,000 species Fish25,000 species 250,000 described plants 1,000,000 described insects

So, not impressed? __________________________________ “ ” Mammals are the most geographically widespread and morphologically diverse group of vertebrates

Largest range of body sizes : Etruscan shrew or bumblebee bat, 2 g : African elephant, 6 metric tonnes = 6 million g : Blue whale, tones = 150,000,000 g

Circle the largest animal……

Mammals have diverse habitats. _____________ ( )

In the ____

And under the ground: _______________________ Star mole: A mammal in the Shrew family found in swamps and marshes in North America

In the water: ________

Truly _______

True or false? Mammals evolved before the dinosaurs. Trivia:

True! Circle where mammals first “evolve” Make a box around when mammals show the greatest diversity

So, what makes it a mammal? : produces milk to feed young : live birth* : epidermis has hair* : produces heat metabolically instead of absorbing it from environment, regulates body temp at a stable level* But lots of other things, too....

Selected skeletal features (single bony element in lower jaw = dentary; stronger, simpler jaw. (3 ear ossicles = malleus, incus, stapes; (more efficient air flow, allows breathing while eating, suckling) (restricted to margin of jaw; process food better.

Why would it be better to have a hard palate then soft?________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____

(cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal) WHY??? (reduces stress on spine, finer control of head movements) (no cervical or lumbar ribs; lighter skeleton, more flexible movement of spine) certain adaptations of vertebral column while permitting flexion/extension and torque ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ; Less energy required for development and maintenance of skeleton, lighter frame for quicker movement

_________________ (improved circulation, better oxygen delivery) (carry more oxygen) (supports higher metabolic rate) (enhanced breathing, gas exchange rate) (new set of muscles in mammals for greater control of jaw movements) (aid thermoregulation) (cerebral hemispheres of brain, greater coordination and learning ability)

Sustained energy production More or less related to a general trend for a greater capacity for, which is essential for: _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________.

A quick dash through the extant (living) mammalian orders....

Monotremata ( ) 2 Families, 5 species

Mostly South American _____________________ 3 Orders, 3 Families, 21 species

Mostly Australian and New Guinean _______________ 4 Orders, 18 Families, 237 species

Afrosoricida (______________________) 2 Families, 51 species Macroscelidea (________________) 1 Family, 15 species

Tubulidentata (_____________) 1 Family, 1 species Hyracoidea (_________) 1 Family, 4 species

_____________ (elephants) 1 Family, 3 species ________________ (dugongs and manatees) 2 Families, 5 species

Cingulata (_____________) 1 Family, 21 species Pilosa (_________________) 4 Families, 10 species

_________________ (tree shrews) 2 Families, 20 species ________________ (colugos) 1 Family, 2 species

______________ (lemurs, lorises, monkeys, apes, students, etc.) 15 Families, 376 species

_______________ (rodents) 31 Families, 2277 species Half of all mammal species!

__________________ (rabbits and pikas) 3 Families, 92 species Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs) 1 Family, 24 species

____________________ (shrews, moles, solenodons) 4 Families, 428 species

_________________ (bats) 18 Families, 1116 species > 20% of mammal species!

Pholidota (___________) 1 Family, 8 species

___________ (dogs, cats, bears, mustelids, pinnipeds, raccoons, etc) 15 Families, 286 species

______________ (horses, rhinos, tapirs) 3 Families, 17 species

________________ (pigs, hippos, camels, deer, giraffes, antelopes, cattle, goats, sheep, etc.) 10 Families, 240 species

_____________ (whales, dolphins, porpoises) 11 Families, 84 species