Towards Renewal of the Scientific Ocean Drilling Program USAC Meeting February 2010 Austin, Texas Susan E. Humphris Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

September 23-25, 2009 Bremen, Germany

INVEST: Steering Committee Christina Ravelo, US (co-chair) climate, chemical oceanography Jan Behrmann, ECORD tectonics, accretionary prisms, seismogenesis Bob Duncan, US crustal processes, MOHO, LIPS Sean Gulick, US convergent margins, tectonics/climate, impacts/geohazards, sequence stratigraphy Heiko Pälike, ECORD climate, Arctic, time scales Wolfgang Bach, EU (co-chair) ocean crust, hydrothermal systems, geomicrobiology Gilbert Camoin, ECORD sea-level change, reef drilling Katrina Edwards, US geomicrobiology, observatory science Fumio Inagaki, Japan geomicrobiology, molecular ecology, microbiology, biogeochemistry Ryuji Tada, Japan climate including monsoon/land/ocean linkages, SLC

INVEST: Total Attendance (583) Australia7 Belgium3 Brazil1 Canada6 China25 Chinese Taipei0 Denmark6 France44 Germany109 India0 Italy4 Japan109 Korea, Rep. of12 Netherlands6 New Zealand1 Norway10 Portugal3 Russian Federation1 Spain7 Sweden3 Switzerland7 United Kingdom53 United States TOTAL583 cf. CONCORD (1997): 156 COMPLEX (1999): 401

INVEST: Student Attendance (56) Australia1 Belgium0 Brazil1 Canada1 China2 Chinese Taipei0 Denmark0 France2 Germany24 India0 Italy0 Japan 8 Korea, Rep. of1 Netherlands1 New Zealand0 Norway0 Portugal0 Russian Federation0 Spain0 Sweden1 Switzerland1 United Kingdom2 United States TOTAL64

INVEST: Conference Themes 1.Co-evolution of Life and Planet 2.Earth’s Interior, Crust and Surface Interactions 3.Climate Change – Records of the Past, Lessons for the Future 4.Earth System Dynamics, Reservoirs and Fluxes 5.Earth-Human-Earth Interactions 6.Science Implementation

INVEST: White Papers (122) Breakdown by conference themes Co-evolution of Life and Planet 2. Earth’s Interior, Crust and Surface Interactions 3. Climate Change – Records of the Past, Lessons for the Future 4. Earth System Dynamics, Reservoirs and Fluxes 5. Earth-Human- Earth Interactions 6. Science Implementation 1-6. All Conference Themes

Steps Towards a New Driling Program

Timelines: Preparing for the New Drilling Program Activities IWG+ Position Papers Completion of Documents for Presentation to NSB National Science Board Presentations End of Current Program (IODP) Models for program architecture 1st draft Final draft Scientific Advisory Structure 1st draft Final draft Funding X Science Community Planning INVEST Meeting X New Science Plan Outline/Draft X Internal/External Review, New Science Plan X Completion of New Science Plan X Science Implementation Plan X Science Plan Funding INVEST Meeting Program Architecture Models 1st Draft Final Draft Science Advisory Structure Completed Science Plan New Science Plan Draft Internal/External Review

Science Plan Writing Committee (SPWC) Community nominations (~100) in October 2009 of potential members following INVEST meeting SASEC subcommittee working with IODP-MI prepared draft membership SASEC review and vetting; IWG+ input IODP-MI consultation with IWG+ (co-chairs) on final list and leadership Invitations; all accepted by end of November 2009 Committee formally formed December 2009 First meeting 1-5 February 2010: Lake Arrowhead, CA

SPWC Members 1Arculus, RichardAustraliaArc magmatism, global geochemical cycle 2Barrett, PeterNew Zealand Sedimentology, arctic paleoenvironments, societal impacts, IPCC linkages 3Bickle, Mike, ChairUK Petrology, geophysics, geodynamics and tectonics, climate change 4Camoin, GilbertFranceSea-level reconstruction, carbonate sedimentology 5DeConto, RobUSAClimate modeling, ice sheet modeling, Antarctic climate history 6Edwards, KatrinaUSAMicrobiology 7Fisher, AndyUSAMarine hydrogeology; borehole observatories; fluid flow modeling 8Inagaki, FumioJapanGeomicrobiology, biogeochemistry 9Kodaira, ShuichiJapanStructural seismology, crustal evolution, geophysics 10Ohkouchi, NaohikoJapanOrganic geochemistry/biogeochemistry 11 P ä like, Heiko UKCenozoic climate change, stable isotopes, time scales 12Ravelo, ChristinaUSANeogene climate change, isotope geochemistry 13Saffer, DemianUSAMarine hydrology, subduction faults, modeling 14Teagle, DamonUKOcean crust, hydrothermal systems; global geochemical cycles Liaisons: SASEC Chair Maureen Raymo and IODP-MI VP Hans Christian Larsen Observers: Susan Humphris and Yoshi Tatsumi

New Science Plan Considerations from IWG+ to the SPWC pages, including implementation plan Aimed at broad scientific community to excite many Mix of exciting basic science and societally relevant science Should fit with strategic and national priorities of members Assume 8-12 months JR; 5 months Chikyu, 1 MSP per year Identify specific high priority riser projects for Chikyu Include borehole experiments Highlight linkages to other large programs Incorporate education and outreach throughout the Plan

Grand Challenges for the New Drilling Program Climate Change: Records from the Past; Lessons for the Future Deep Life: Exploration of the Marine Intraterrestrials Renewing the Lithosphere: Consequences for our Planet Earth in Motion on Human Timescales: Plate Boundaries, Fluid Flow and Active Experimentation DRAFT!!

Climate Change: Records from the Past; Lessons for the Future Urgent Topics Determining climate sensitivity and potential for extreme polar amplification Ice sheet stability and rate and magnitude of sea level rise Ocean acidification Underpinning Topics Warm climates and extreme events Climate thresholds: rapid and sudden events Climate variability on regional scales Hydrological cycle ENSO Ocean circulation states Monsoon, ITCZ, etc. DRAFT!

Deep Life: Exploration of the Marine Intraterrestrials Extent and Dispersal of Deep Life: Biomes, Connectivity, and Ecology Limits of Life on Earth: Extremes and Norms of Carbon, Nutrient, Temperature, Pressure, pH, Activity Evolution and Survival of Life Buried Alive: Adaptation, Enrichment and Repair Activity and Consequences of Deep Life: Function and Rates of Global Biogeochemical Processes DRAFT!

Renewing the Lithosphere: Consequences for our Planet Creating the Oceanic Lithosphere -- Continental Breakup -- MOR Processes (Mission to the Mantle) -- Hot spots -- LIPS Solid Earth Regulation of Surficial Environments -- Hydrothermal Elemental Exchange -- Aging of the Lithosphere Consumption and Reconstruction in Arcs -- Subduction Initiation -- 4D Evolution in Arcs DRAFT!

Earth in Motion on Human Timescales: Plate Boundaries, Fluid Flow & Active Experimentation The Solid Earth in Motion: Earthquakes, Landslides & Their Tsunamis -- Determining the Habitat and Impact of Large and Damaging Earthquakes -- Preconditioning the Subducting Plate -- Submarine Landslides and Their Tsunamis -- Unraveling the Record Fluids in Motion: Agents of Thermal, Mechanical, Chemical & Biological Change -- Fluid Movement, Chemistry and Mechanical Processes -- Hydrogeology of the Ocean Lithosphere: Processes, Quantification and Links to Subseafloor Life -- A Fresh Look at Gas Hydrates Establishing a Continued Presence in the Earth: Experimenting with and Listening to the Earth -- Active Perturbation: Revolutionizing the Meaning of “Natural Laboratory” -- Distributed Long-Term Continuous Monitoring -- Opportunities for Cabled Networks DRAFT!

Proposed Activities to Foster Community Support Step 1: Develop a 3-person support team to assist in this effort (in negotiation) Develop 1-pagers on major accomplishments for each theme/discipline Develop presentation content on Science Plan for new drilling program Presentations: - universities (can USAC DLS speakers assist?) - professional societies of other fields Workshop for post-docs and early career scientists Visits to NSF for briefings Visits to Congressional staff for briefings Encourage scientists to talk to Presidents, Deans, etc. Section on renewal in re-launched IODP Newsletter

A NEW DESCRIPTIVE NAME!

INVEST: Working Groups 1.Co-evolution of Life and Planet 1.1Extent and habitability of subseafloor life and the biosphere 1.2Biogeochemical function, activity and ecological roles of subseafloor life 1.3Limits and evolution of life on Earth and beyond 1.4Extreme environmental events and punctuated evolution 1.5Paleo-ecosystems: biodiversity and biogeography 1.6Co-evolution of ocean chemistry and the surface/subsurface biospheres

INVEST: Working Groups 2.Earth’s Interior, Crust and Surface Interactions 2.1Behavior of the Geodynamo 2.2Mantle flow and interactions with lithosphere 2.3Variability in ocean crust composition and structure 2.4Plate aging: ridge to trench 2.5Subduction zones and volcanic arcs 2.6Initiation of plate boundaries

INVEST: Working Groups 3.Climate Change – Records of the Past, Lessons for the Future 3.1Extreme and/or rapid climatic events 3.2High latitude regions and stability of ice sheets 3.3Rates and amplitudes of sea level change 3.4Ocean-atmosphere circulation dynamics 3.5From greenhouse to icehouse worlds 3.6Sensitivity of the climate system

INVEST: Working Groups 4.Earth System Dynamics, Reservoirs and Fluxes 4.1Ocean-crust-mantle cycles 4.2Controls and feedbacks on hydrocarbon storage and emissions 4.3Carbon cycle and redox budget 4.4Fluid flow, heat flow and hydrothermal systems 4.5Continent-ocean fluxes, weathering processes and linkages 4.6(Bio)geochemical element cycles 4.7Tectonic-climate interactions

INVEST: Working Groups 5.Earth-Human-Earth Interactions 5.1Geohazards: earthquakes 5.2Geohazards: submarine landslides & mass movements 5.3Geohazards: volcanic eruptions & bolide impacts 5.4Ocean acidification: past and future 5.5Subseafloor resources 5.6CO2 sequestration 5.7Improving sea level change predictions 5.8Climate, human evolution and civilization 5.9Ultrahigh resolution records to improve climate change prediction

INVEST: Working Groups 6. Science Implementation 6.1Observatories 6.2Subseafloor laboratories and experiments 6.3Platform, drilling and logging tools: needs and opportunities 6.4Site characterization and integration with the borehole 6.5Analytical needs and development 6.6Balancing long-term projects and single expeditions 6.7Program management options to optimize integration 6.8Develop broad vision for outreach, branding and education