Effects of Volcanic Eruptions. Volcanic Eruptions and Climate Change Volcanic ash and gases spread throughout the atmosphere, they can block enough sunlight.

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Presentation transcript:

Effects of Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic Eruptions and Climate Change Volcanic ash and gases spread throughout the atmosphere, they can block enough sunlight to cause global temperatures to drop. Can cause average global temperatures to drop by as much as 0.5 degrees Celsius.

Different Types of Volcanoes Volcanic eruptions can cause profound changes in climate. There are three basic types of volcanoes which are: Shield, Cinder Cone, and Composite Volcanoes

1.Shield Volcanoes: are built of layers of lava released from repeated nonexplosive eruptions. Lava is very runny Spreads over a wide area Gently sloping sides Are enormous Examples: Hawaii’s Mauna Kea (tallest on Earth) taller than Mount Everest.

2.Cinder Cone Volcanoes: are made of pyroclastic material usually produced from moderately explosive eruptions. Form steep slopes Small and usually erupt for only a short time Occur in clusters, commonly on the sides of other volcanoes Erode quickly because the pyroclastic material is not cemented together.

3.Composite Volcanoes: one of the most common types of volcanoes. Form from explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material followed by quieter flows of lava Broad bases and sides that get steeper toward the top. Ex: Mount Hood, Mount Raineir, Mount Shasta, Mount St. Helens

Other Types of Volcanic Landforms Such landforms as craters, calderas, and lava plateaus are also formed through volcanic activity. 1.Craters: Around the central vent at the top of many volcanoes is a funnel-shaped pit.

2.Caldera: is a large, semicircular depression that forms when the chamber that supplies magma to a volcano partially empties and the chamber’s roof collapses. -Can appear similar to craters, but they are many time larger. -Yellowstone Park is made up of three large calderas that formed when volcanoes collapsed

3.Lava Plateaus: this a landform that results from repeated eruptions of lava spread over a large area. - Columbia River Plateau