Chapter 5 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter CHAPTER FIVE OVERVIEW SECTION MANAGING ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURES  Enterprise Architectures  Information Architecture  Infrastructure Architecture  Application Architecture SECTION ARCHITECTURE TRENDS  Service Oriented Architecture  Virtualization  Grid Computing

Chapter ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURES Enterprise architecture - includes the plans for how an organization will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and IT assets Primary goals of enterprise architectures

Chapter INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE Information architecture - identifies where and how important information, such as customer records, is maintained and secured Enterprise information architecture should focus on: 1. Backup and recovery 2. Disaster recovery 3. Information security

Chapter BACKUP AND RECOVERY Backup - an exact copy of a system’s information Recovery - the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure and includes restoring the information backup Two techniques used to help in case of system failure are fault tolerance and failover.

Chapter DISASTER RECOVERY Disaster recovery best practices include:  Mind the enterprise architectures  Monitor the quality of computer networks that provide data on power suppliers and demand  Make sure the networks can be restored quickly in the case of downtime  Set up disaster recovery plans  Provide adequate staff training

Chapter INFORMATION SECURITY Good information architectures include…  A strong information security plan  Managing user access  Up-to-date antivirus software and patches

Chapter INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHITECTURE Infrastructure architecture - includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals Primary characteristics of a solid infrastructure architecture: Flexibility; Scalability; Reliability; Availability; Performance

Chapter APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE Application architecture - determines how applications integrate and relate to each other  Web service - contains a repertoire of Web-based data and procedural resources that use shared protocols and standards permitting different applications to share data and services; primary parts being event and service  Open system - describes nonproprietary IT hardware and software made available by the standards and procedures by which their products work, making it easier to integrate them

Chapter SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE Service oriented architecture (SOA) is a business- driven IT architectural approach that supports integrating a business as linked, repeatable tasks or services SOA ensures IT systems can adapt quickly, easily, and economically to support rapidly changing business needs

Chapter SOA BUSINESS BENEFITS The key technical concepts of SOA are:  Service - can be a business task, such as checking a potential customer's credit rating only opening a new account  Interoperability - capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers  Loose coupling - the capability of services to be joined together on demand to create composite services, or disassembled just as easily into their functional components

Chapter VIRTUALIZATION Virtualization - a framework of dividing the resources of a computer into multiple execution environments System virtualization - ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collection of separate computers ("virtual machines")

Chapter VIRTUALIZATION BUSINESS BENEFITS Trends that have moved virtualization into the spotlight:  Hardware being underutilized  Data centers running out of space  Increased energy costs  System administration costs mounting  Rapid application deployment  Dynamic load balancing  Streamlined disaster recovery

Chapter GRID COMPUTING Grid computing - is an aggregation of geographically dispersed computing, storage, and network resources, coordinated to deliver improved performance, higher quality of service, better utilization, and easier access to data

Chapter GRID COMPUTING BUSINESS BENEFITS Improve productivity and collaboration of virtual organizations and respective computing and data resources Allow widely dispersed departments and businesses to create virtual organizations Build robust and infinitely flexible and resilient operational architectures Provide instantaneous access to massive computing and data resources Leverage existing capital investments