Land Part 2 SJCHS

Mining and Minerals Minerals and metals must be collected Mined from ore deposits Collected from water Can take thousands of years for minerals to form (nonrenewable) Over mining harms environment and soil

Mining and Minerals Applications Currency Industrial and Building Technology Overuse of minerals could result in a “mineral crisis”

Cities Cities: Centers of population and commerce City planning: Control of city growth

Cities City Plans Concentric cities: Business/ industry in the center; residential areas outside

Cities Sector cities: Business in center; other areas are divided into industrial, residential, recreation areas

Cities Multi-nuclei cities: No one large center for business; multiple business, residential, industrial areas throughout the city Plan for most cities

Cities Zoning: Keeping certain activities (industry, farming) in specific areas of the city

ty_development/docs/ZoningMap_Citywide_ pdf

Cities Aesthetics: How an area looks

Cities Transportation: Consider needs of private and public transportation; must also consider safety and efficiency

Transportation in LA and Las Vegas

Cities Private vehicles Pros: Convenience, good in low population areas Cons: Expensive, pollution, high risk of accidents

Cities Buses and Subways Pros: Low cost for passengers in high population areas Cons: Inconvenient, Slow, High maintenance

Cities Trains Pros: Fast, low pollution Cons: Inconvenient, Expensive, Requires track

Cities Planes Pros: Fast, low pollution, Global Cons: Inconvenient, Expensive, Requires Airports

Cities Sustainability: Considering the needs of the environment Zoning: Maintaining parks, farms; limiting pollution from industry Transportation: Bike lanes, “green” technology

Cities Polluted areas in a city can be cleaned and reused Brownfield site: Former industrial location; low pollution Superfund site: Serious pollution; usually cleaned by the EPA Environmental remediation: Removal of contaminations to make an area safe for human health

ex.html Pittsfield/GE/Housatonic Superfund website

Globalization Globalization: Trading goods, services, or information throughout the world Pros: New resources and ideas, greater understanding of other cultures Cons: Exploiting workers and resources in developing nations, large financial disasters

Globalization Organizations World Bank: Helps developing countries International Monetary Fund (IMF): Helps with globalization growth and economic stability World Trade Organizations (WTO): Helps countries negotiate trade deals United Nations (UN): Maintains global peace, human rights, and security