Free Powerpoint Templates Page 1 The definition of translation Different writers define ’Translation’ in different ways: 1.Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). (Catford, 1969:20). 2.Translation is the reproduction in the receptor’s language (TL) the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, 1st in terms of meaning and 2 nd in term of style. (Nida, 1969:12). 3. Translation is made possible by an equivalence of thought that lies behind its different verbal expressions (Savory, 1969:13). 4.Translation is a process of finding a TL equivalent for an SL utterance. (Pinchuck, 1977:38). 5.Translation is the rendering (translation) of SL text into TL so as to ensure that (1) the surface meaning of the two will be approximately similar and (2) the structures of the SL will be preserved as closely as possible but not so closely that the TL structures will be seriously distorted (Mc Guire, 1980:7)

Free Powerpoint Templates Page 2 6. Translation is a craft consisting the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language (SL) by the same message and/or statement in another language (TL). (Newmark, 1981:7). From the above definition,it can be seen that we have the same term « Equivalent ».The meaning (Larson), content (Catford), thought (Savory) or message (Nida) of both SL and TL must be equivalent,yet it is expressed in different verbal expressions.

Free Powerpoint Templates Page 3 Translation equivalence can be in the rank of word for word, phrase for phrase, sentence for sentence and so on. Look at the example below: 1 st instance: Plane A new plane The carpenter has a new plane The carpenter has a new plane to make the wood smooth. The passengers get on a new plane.

Free Powerpoint Templates Page 4 2 nd instance: Run The boy runs= anak itu berlari The river runs= sungai itu mengalir The clock runs= jam itu berjalan He nose runs= ia pilek.

Free Powerpoint Templates Page 5 Idiomatic phrases Cat=kucing To bell the cat=melakukan sesuatu yang berbahaya. To let the cat out of the bag=membuka rahasia. Cat and dog life= penghidupan yang penuh pertengkaran. To rain cats and dogs=hujan sangat lebat When the cat is away the mice will play=bebas bila tidak ada majikan. The enemy played cat-and-mouse to the prisoners= Musuh mempermainkan tawanannya.