Democratic Reform and Activism Chapter 26 Section 1

Key Terms Queen Victoria Suffrage Chartist movement Third Republic Dreyfuss affair Anti-Semitism Zionism

Reform Act of 1832 Growing prosperity of the working and middles classes led to demand for goods 1800 landowning aristocrats made up Parliament Some industrial cities had no representation

Reform Act of 1832 Britain wealthy male property owners could vote Catholics and Jews could hold political office House of Commons not paid so only wealthy served

Reform Act of 1832 British liberals were challenging the old order People demanded greater political participation Reform Act of 1832 gave representation in Parliament

Reform Act of 1832 Gave the vote to the middle class Increased eligible voters by 50% Reduced power of the aristocracy Only men with a certain amount of property could vote Prevented many working class from voting

Sadler and the Factory Act Investigate treatment of children in factories Harmful conditions Mistreatment Long hours Low wages Passed the Factory Act of 1833 Teenagers could not work more than 12 hours Children 9-13 had to receive two hours of school

Other Reforms 1833 Parliament abolished slavery Government would compensate slave owners Passed public health and crime laws to improve living conditions

Chartism 1839 Chartists demanded voting rights for all men Secret ballot Annual elections Pay representatives in parliament Secret ballot prevented intimidation during voting

Chartism Parliament rejected their ideas Turned down the People’s Charter By the end of the 1800’s many of their reforms had been passed

Victorian Era 1837 Queen Victoria Reign lasted to 1901 longest in British history Became more democratic during her reign Government was run primarily by Prime Minister and the Cabinet

Disraeli and Gladstone Benjamin Disraeli- Prime Minister, member of Conservative party Slow to accept reforms Wanted to preserve the past Gladstone was a liberal More progressive to solving society’s problems

Voting Rights for Men Disraeli put forth a new reform bill 1867 one out of every three men could vote Another bill created the secret ballot 1885 Gladstone pushed a reform bill that extended voting rights even further

Women’s Suffrage Suffrage- the right to vote Women’s rights were raised during the Enlightenment 1800’s women not equals Could not own property Not considered legal guardians of their children

Women’s Suffrage Queen Victoria against women’s right to vote “Mad, wicked folly.” 1886 Disraeli argued for women’s right to vote Said if a women could be queen or own land they should be able to vote

Women’s Suffrage Millicent Garrett Fawcett -lobbied members of Parliament Signed petitions Educated the public Emmeline Pankhurst Founded Women’s Social and Political Union “You have to make more noise than everyone else”

Women’s Suffrage 1918 Parliament grants the right to vote Women over the age of 30 1928 women have the same voting rights as men

France and Democracy The Third Republic lasted for 60 years France averaged one government per year Dozen political parties lobbied for power 1875 National Assembly votes to set up the republic

The Dreyfus Affair Controversial court case 1894 Alfred Dreyfus French captain falsely accused of betraying secrets to Germany Knew he was not guilty Held a military ceremony to humiliate him

The Dreyfus Affair Crowd chanted “kill him” Evidence suggests another officer was guilty Second officer was not Jewish Dreyfus cleared in 1906

Dreyfus Affair Divided people in France Emile Zola-French writer came to his defense “J’accuse” letter accused the French government of anti-Semitism Led French courts to reopen the case Letter set off anti-Semitic riots in 50 towns

Dreyfus Affair Important affect on Jewish nationalism Theodor Herzl-Hungarian born-Jewish journalist who covered the story Shocked by the anti-Semitism in France Root of the problem is that Jews did not have a country in Europe

Dreyfus Affair 1896 published The Jewish State Outlined plan for an independent Jewish country Zionism-Jewish nationalist movement to create a Jewish state in their original homeland 1900’s number of Jewish people returned to their original homeland

Rise of Zionism Russians organized pogroms of violence against the Jews 1880’s Jews fled Eastern Europe Many headed for the United States Jews wanted a homeland in Palestine