Good Morning Bell-Ringer Turn to page 971 – The Space Race – and answer the following: 1.Which country was the first to accomplish each of the following in space? What was the name of each? When did each of these happen? 1.Satellite 2.Lunar probe 3.Person 4.Woman 5.Manned moon landing 6.Probe on Mars 2.Which destinations in space did both the U.S. and the Soviet Union explore? 3.What role might space continue to play in achieving world peace?

Chapter 33, Section 2 “Communists Take Power in China”

I.Communists vs. Nationalists A. World War II in China 1. Mao Zedong a. Chinese Communist leader; led fight against Japanese b. won peasant’s loyalty by promising improvements c. Controlled most of northern China 2. Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai Shek) a. Chinese Nationalist leader b. U.S. sent aid to help Nationalists fight Japanese c. Controlled southwestern China 3. after Japan surrendered, Communists & Nationalists continued to fight Mao ZedongJiang Jieshi

B. Civil War Resumes (1946 – 1949) 1. at first, Nationalist had the advantage a. larger army b. U.S. aid c. however, they did little to win popular support 2. China’s collapsing economy caused Nationalists to turn Communist a. Mao promised to return land to peasants b. October 1949 – Mao took control of the country 1. the People’s Republic of China 2. signed a treaty of friendship with Soviets People’s Republic of China flag

II.The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War A. The Superpowers React 1. Jiang Jieshi fled to Taiwan, which he called the Republic of China, and was given aid by the U.S. 2. Soviets gave financial, military, & technical aid to Communist China III.The Communist Transform China A. Mao’s Brand of Marxist Socialism 1. 80% lived in rural areas, but owned no land 2. Agrarian Reform Law of 1950 a. Mao seized holdings of landlords & killed those who resisted b. divided land among peasants 3. private companies were nationalized

B. “The Great Leap Forward” 1. called for larger collective farms, or communes a. Peasants worked the land together b. ate in communal dining rooms, slept in communal dormitories, and raised children in communal nurseries c. owned nothing, and only the state profited from their labor 1. means no incentive to work

C. New Policies and Mao’s Response 1. cooperation between Soviet Union & China began to fade a. Each group sought to lead the world wide Communist mvt. 2. Mao reduced his role in gov’t b/c of failure of Great Leap Forward a. more freedoms for citizens 1. farm families could live in own homes & sell crops 2. factory workers compete for wages & promotions 3. Mao was determined to revive the revolution a. Encouraged young people to “learn revolution by making revolution” 1. high school & college students formed the Red Guard (militia units) Red Guards

D. The Cultural Revolution 1. the Red Guards led a major uprising known as the Cultural Revolution a. establish a society of peasants & workers in which all were equal b. new hero = peasant who worked w/ his hands b. shut down colleges and schools b/c the life of the mind was considered useless & dangerous c. intellectuals were targeted; thousands were executed or imprisoned , Mao admitted the Cultural Revolution had to stop a. chaos threatened farm production & closed factories

Daily Essential Questions 1.How did Communists win support in China? 2.What was the goal of the Cultural Revolution?