World War 1 Finale

U-Boats U-Boats American entry American entry Russian revolution Russian revolution Last German offensive Last German offensive Allied victory Allied victory Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles

U - Boats British had control of the seas British had control of the seas Germans countered with submarine warfare Germans countered with submarine warfare War on British Navy War on British Navy War on cargo ships War on cargo ships Lead to US declaration of war in April 1917 Lead to US declaration of war in April 1917

U - Boats

Russian Revolution In 1917, the war was going badly for Russia In 1917, the war was going badly for Russia Bloody revolution breaks out at home Bloody revolution breaks out at home Communists versus Czarists Communists versus Czarists Czarists are overthrown Czarists are overthrown New Russian leader – Lenin – makes peace with the Germans New Russian leader – Lenin – makes peace with the Germans

Russian Revolution

Czars – Russian Ruling Class

Communists

The New Leader

Lenin

Last German Offensive With Russian surrender, Germans focused their efforts on the western front With Russian surrender, Germans focused their efforts on the western front Their offensive brought them to within 50 miles of Paris Their offensive brought them to within 50 miles of Paris Allies recovered, supported by newly arrived Americans Allies recovered, supported by newly arrived Americans

Allied Victory Passchendaele Passchendaele Cambrai Cambrai Marne Marne Final months of the war Final months of the war

Cambrai Allied offensive Allied offensive No preliminary bombardment No preliminary bombardment 476 tanks 476 tanks Six infantry divisions Six infantry divisions Two cavalry divisions Two cavalry divisions Costly for both sides Costly for both sides

Second Battle of the Marne 15 July July 1918 Ludendorff Ludendorff Attempted breakthrough against French Army, led by General Ferdinand Foch Attempted breakthrough against French Army, led by General Ferdinand Foch

The Generals

Marne Germans failed to break through Germans failed to break through French counterattacked, supported by British Empire, US and Italian soldiers French counterattacked, supported by British Empire, US and Italian soldiers Germans were driven back to starting position Germans were driven back to starting position Allied casualties were 120,000 Allied casualties were 120,000 German casualties were 168,000 German casualties were 168,000 Last major German offensive Last major German offensive

Final months of the war 1918 The war continued on into November The war continued on into November Allied saw some success in battles such as Amiens, Albert and Meuse-Argonne Allied saw some success in battles such as Amiens, Albert and Meuse-Argonne In the Mediterranean, other allied divisions were forcing the surrender of Turkey, Bulgaria and Austria Hungary. In the Mediterranean, other allied divisions were forcing the surrender of Turkey, Bulgaria and Austria Hungary. War ends on November War ends on November

Amiens

Among the Defeated (under X)

Treaty of Versailles Drawn and signed by the major powers in 1919 Drawn and signed by the major powers in 1919 Six months of negotiations Six months of negotiations Many conflicting viewpoints Many conflicting viewpoints A compromise nobody liked A compromise nobody liked

Treaty of Versailles Signing

Treaty of Versailles

PM David Lloyd George UK PM David Lloyd George UKDavid Lloyd GeorgeDavid Lloyd George Vittorio Orlando Italy Vittorio Orlando Italy Vittorio Orlando Vittorio Orlando Georges Clemenceau of France Georges Clemenceau of France Georges Clemenceau Georges Clemenceau President Woodrow Wilson USA President Woodrow Wilson USAWoodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

Also Present Nguyen Ai Quoc Nguyen Ai Quoc Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh Vietnamese in Paris unsuccessfully attempt to present a homeland independence document to Versailles Peace Conference Vietnamese in Paris unsuccessfully attempt to present a homeland independence document to Versailles Peace Conference

Treaty of Versailles Military limitations placed on Germans Military limitations placed on Germans Germany gives back the Alsace-Lorraine district Germany gives back the Alsace-Lorraine district Germany had to recognize the independence of various nations Germany had to recognize the independence of various nations Germany loses its overseas colonies Germany loses its overseas colonies German Army limited to 100,000 men German Army limited to 100,000 men