GURU GRANTH SAHIB Camp FATEH Guru Arjan Sahib May 27 – 30, 2005
Collection of Baani Guru Nanak carried blank pages with him wherever he went and wrote his compositions Writings of 15 Bhagats collected by Guru Nanak during his travels Pothis passed down from first four Gurus
Need for Compilation Question Why do you think Guru Arjan Sahib decided to compile the Guru’s baanis even though they were already written down?
Need for Compilation Gurbaani spread by word of mouth Musicians cutting lines short Poets wrote under name of ‘Nanak’ Amount of baani growing Eg. Guru Arjan Sahib – 2218 shabads Stray compositions
Need for Compilation Authentication Standardization Preservation Establish permanence
Compilation of Baanis
Guru Sahib as editor Eg. Guru Sahib added his own Baanis and selectively chose baanis of the Bhagats Eg. Added Saloks before Vaars and Bhagat Baanis for clarificatoin Eg. Shud, Shud Keechai pauVI ] vfy kIAw vifAweIAw ikCu khxw khxu n jwie ] so krqw kwdru krImu dy jIAw irjku sMbwih ] sweI kwr kmwvxI Duir CofI iqMnY pwie ] nwnk eykI bwhrI hor dUjI nwhI jwie ] so kry ij iqsY rjwie ]24]1] suDu] {pMnw 475}
Gurdwara Ramsar
Installation of Adi Granth
Adi Granth to Guru Granth Copies of the Granth Arrangement for a 2nd copy of the Granth in Bohat, 12 scribes supervised by Bhai Banno Corrupted by addition of unauthorized Baanis and removal of pages, Khari Bir All other copies were made from this copy, this volume is known as Banno’s Bir Less than 100 copies existed by Guru Teg Bahadur’s time, location unknown
Adi Granth to Guru Granth Message of Baani challenged Complaints made to Moghul Rulers that the Baani contained rebellious writings Emperor Akbar met with Guru Arjan Sahib and was delighted by the message of truth, offered a gift of gold coins to Guru Sahib Expressed the support and respect of state
Adi Granth to Guru Granth Transported to Kiratpur In 1635, Guru Hargobind Sahib shifted his headquarters to Kiratpur and brought the Adi Granth with him In 1644, the bir was stolen by Dhir Mal who refused to return it to the Guru and kept it at his home in Kartarpur The bir was obtained forcibly by the Sikhs, but Guru Teg Bahadur Sahib ordered that it be returned to Dhir Mal’s home Now known as the Kartarpuri Bir
Adi Granth to Guru Granth Perversion of Baani Enemies of the Sikhs targeted Gurbaani Ram Rai was sent to defend the Adi Granth in the court of Emperor Aurangzeb He defied his father and changed a line of Gurbaani to impress the Emperor Guru Sahib abandoned his son
Adi Granth to Guru Granth Guru Gobind Singh prepared a new edition of the Granth with Bhai Mani Singh as his scribe at Talwandi Sabo
Bhai Mani Singh
Adi Granth to Guru Granth Included all the baani in Adi Granth, as well as the baani of Guru Teg Bahadur Installed the final and current version of the Guru Granth at Nanded in 1705 In 1708, the Guruship was passed to the Guru Granth, ending the physical form of Guru
Damdama Sahib
Eternal Guru Guruship passed to Guru Granth and Guru Panth Baba Deep Singh Ji made 4 initial copies 1721, Mata Sundri Ji asked Bhai Mani Singh to return Guru Granth to Harmandir Sahib 1762, the original Guru Granth was taken to Kabul with Sikh troops by Ahmed Shah Abdali and lost in battle Handwritten volumes of Guru Granth stored in Harmandir Sahib
Eternal Guru
Attacks on Guru Granth Authenticity of Gurbaani challenged Message misinterpreted Self proclaimed Gurus Volumes of Guru Granth Sahib burned and destroyed in efforts to erase Gurbaani Eg. 1984
1984
Guru Arjan Sahib and Pothi Sahib Question Once Pothi Sahib was installed at the Harmandir Sahib, who was the Guru?
Guru Arjan Sahib and Pothi Sahib
Composition and Contents Dhur Ki Baani Not the philosophy, understanding or reasoning of Guru Nanak’s Message directly from God, and Guru Nanak was simply the messenger Every word dedicated to the praise and glory of Vaaheguru
Composition and Contents Authors 6 Gurus – first 5 and 9th 15 Bhagats 11 Bhatts 2 Maha Purakhs
Gurus GuruShabadAstpadiChantVaarTotal Guru Nanak Guru Angad*00000 Guru AmarDas Guru Ram Das Guru Arjan Guru Teg Bahadur59000 Total
Bhagats BhagatShabadsSaloks Kabir ** Naamdev61 Ravdaas40 Trilochan4 Farid4130 Beni3 Dhannaa3 Jaidev2 Bhekhan2 Parmaanand1 Saiv/Sain1 Pipaa1 Sapnaa/Sadnaa1 Raamanand1 Soordaas1 Guru Arjan ***3 Total352
Bhatts and Maha Purakhs BhattSavaiye Kalshaar54 Jaalaap5 Keerat8 Bhikhaa3 Salh2 Bhalya1 Nalya16 Gayand13 Mathuraa14 Balya5 Harbans2 Total123 Maha Purakh Baba SunderRamkali Sadd Sata and Balwand1 Vaar
Raags and Ghars RAAGPAGERAAGPAGE 1.Siri Raag1417.Gond859 2.Majh9418.Ramkali876 3.Gaurhi16519.Nat Naaraayn975 4.Aasaa34720.Maali Gaurhaa984 5.Gujri48921.Maru989 6.Devgandhaari52722.Tukhaari Bihaagarha53723.Kedaaraa Vadhans55724.Bhairo Sorath59525.Basant Dhanaasari66026.Saarang Jaithsari69627.Malhaar Todi71128.Kaanrha Bairaarhi71929.Kaliaan Tilang72130.Prabhaati Soohi72831.Jaijaavanti Bilawal795
Arrangement of Gurbaani Index – opening words of each shabads, beginning of Raags, and page Gurbaani – p Raag Mala – p. 1430
Arrangement of Gurbaani Mool Mantar - p. 1 < siq nwmu krqw purKu inrBau inrvYru Akwl mUriq AjUnI sYBM gur pRswid ] Nitnem – p. 1 – 13 BaaniPage Jap1 So Dar8 Sun Vadha9 So Purakh10 Sohila12
Arrangement of Gurbaani Baanis in Raag – p Sub-arrangement within each Raag Type of baani, then author 1.Shabad 1.Guru in chronological order 2.Bhagats 2.Astpadi 1.Guru in chronological order 2.Bhagats 3.Chant 1.Guru in chronological order 2.Bhagats 4.Vaar 1.Guru in chronological order 2.Bhagats
Arrangement of Gurbaani Baanis not in Raag - p BaaniPage Sahaskriti Salok1353 Gatha1360 Phunhe1361 Chauobole1363 Salok Kabir ji1364 Salok Farid ji1377 Svaiye Sri Mukh Vaak1385 Svaiye Bhattan De1389 Salok Vaaran Te Vadheek1410 Salok Mahala Mundavni Mahala Raag Mala1429
Languages Languages Punjabi, Marathi, Hindi, Bengali, Apbhransh, Brij Bhasha, Prakriti, Sahskrit, Pali, Sanskrit, Pharsi, and Urdu/Arabi. Evolution of language
Numbering DnwsrI mÚ 5 ] kir ikrpw dIE moih nwmw bMDn qy Cutkwey ] mn qy ibsirE sglo DMDw gur kI crxI lwey ]1] swD sMig icMq ibrwnI CwfI ] AhMbuiD moh mn bwsn dy kir gfhw gwfI ]1] rhwau ] nw ko myrw dusmnu rihAw nw hm iks ky bYrweI ] bRhmu pswru pswirE BIqir siqgur qy soJI pweI ]2] sBu ko mIqu hm Awpn kInw hm sBnw ky swjn ] dUir prwieE mn kw ibrhw qw mylu kIE myrY rwjn ]3] ibnisE FITw AMimRqu vUTw sbdu lgo gur mITw ] jil Qil mhIAil srb invwsI nwnk rmeIAw fITw ]4]3] {pMnw 671}
Literary Significance Shabad - ‘revealed word’ Padas Shabads contain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, or 16 Eg. Ashtpadi – 8 padas Chant – origin from folk songs, 52 Vaar – origin from war ballads, 22 Salok – usually couplet, Guru Angad
Laridaar Saroop Example of Laridaar Saroop : Awidscujugwidscu]hYBIscunwnkhosIBIsc u]1] Example of Broken Words : Awid scu jugwid scu ] hY BI scu nwnk hosI BI scu ] 1 ]
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