Flashback What was the significance of the Punic Wars? What was the significance of the Punic Wars? What year marks the beginning of Rome? What year marks the beginning of Rome? What happened in that year? What happened in that year? What point of the Punic Wars is this map describing? What point of the Punic Wars is this map describing?

Fall of the Republic ❖ Gap between rich patricians and poor plebeians grew ❖ Farmers especially suffered ❖ Why do you think this is? ❖ Hannibal trampled the land during the Second Punic War ❖ Farmers were fighting in the war

Fall of the Republic ❖ latifundia: large farming estates ❖ Small farmers couldn’t couldn’t compete with rich Romans buying up land and creating latifundia ❖ Rich landowners used slaves ❖ Where did the slaves come from?

The Fall of the Republic ❖ Small farmers were forced out of business ❖ So what did they do? ❖ Slaves did most of the work ❖ Corrupt politicians gave food and entertainment to the poor to win their votes

The Fall of Rome ❖ Reforms fell through ❖ Tiberius and Gaius ❖ Take public land from the rich and divide it among the poor ❖ Men were killed by Senate

The Fall of Rome ❖ Marius, a military leader, became a consul ❖ Made the military a paid position ❖ What problems would this create? ❖ Soldiers were not loyal; worked for monetary rewards ❖ Loyal to their generals; not their country

The Fall of the Republic ❖ Sulla, a military general, drove out Marius ❖ Made himself dictator ❖ Stepped down from office and thought the Republic had healed ❖ Rome fell into civil wars ❖ Ambitious men saw how Sulla rose to power; they decided to follow the same path

Julius Caesar ❖ Roman leaders battled for power, supported by local armies ❖ Three of these men were Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar ❖ Formed the First Triumvirate