The Nation Grows and Prospers U.S. History Chapter 11

Industrial Revolution Begins ► Industrial Revolution was a long, slow process that completely changed the way in which goods were produced. ► Began in Britain in mid-1700s

Industrial Revolution Begins ► This industrialism depended on the development of the factory system

Factory System ► System brought workers and machinery together to produce goods ► Lowell, Mass.: model factory town, workers lived in clean, decent housing

Factory System ► “Lowell girl” ► Workers, primarily women and children, worked long hours: 12 hours/day, 6 days/week

American Industry ► Congress helped industry after the War of 1812 by establishing the second Bank of the United States ► Congress also protected manufacturers by raising tariffs on imported goods

Urbanization ► Industrial Revolution led to increased U.S. urbanization ► Population moved from the rural farming areas to the cities ► New York City became the city with the largest population in 1840

Traveling West ► Private companies built turnpikes to improve America’s roads in early 1800s ► Tolls collected from travelers on the turnpikes ► Improved roads were set on a bed of gravel

Traveling West ► Mohawk Road followed Erie Canal ► National Road extended from Maryland into Illinois ► Wilderness Road, established by Daniel Boone, reached the Ohio River

Traveling West ► Development of canals allowed western farmers to ship goods directly to eastern cities.

Era of Good Feelings ► President James Monroe helped create a new sense of national unity. ► Federalist Party disappeared by Monroe ran for a 2nd term unopposed.

Revolution in Latin America ► Spanish colonies had to win independence through revolution ► Led to rise of Latin American nations

Revolution in Latin America ► Simon Bolivar: best known revolutionary leader, The Liberator ► Led successful independence movements in South America ► Creole: People born to Spanish parents in Latin America

Spain Gives Up Florida ► Spain agreed to give Florida to the US for $5 million ► Spain busy fighting rebels in South America ► Adams-Onis Treaty: 1821

Monroe Doctrine ► Americans feared that Spain would try to regain its colonies in Latin America ► President Monroe’s foreign policy statement to protect Latin American republics from European attack

Monroe Doctrine ► Declared that the U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of European nations or existing colonies of European nations ► Warned European nations not to attempt to regain control of the newly independent nations of Latin America

Sectionalism ► Loyalty to one’s state or section rather than to the nation as a whole. ► Made national unity more difficult

Henry Clay ► Spoke for the West ► Wanted to promote economic growth for all sections: American System

Henry Clay ► American System failed: Congress refused to fund new roads, bridges, and canals. ► Unintentionally furthered growth of sectionalism

John C. Calhoun ► Spoke for the South ► As a southerner, he supported slavery

Supreme Court Expands ► McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) ► Court ruled that states had no power to control federal institutions within their borders. ► Strengthened federal power

Supreme Court Expands ► Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) ► Only federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce, or trade between states

Supreme Court Expands ► Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) ► Court ruled that that a state could regulate trade only within its own borders.

Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect ► Led to greater U.S. economic development ► Urbanization of the U.S.

Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect ► Improved roads leading to western growth of the nation ► Sectionalism beginning to threaten national unity