7.4 Anaerobic Respiration Cellular Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration Recall anaerobic respiration occurs in the _____________________ of _________ Two methods - - Both methods begin with __________________

Alcohol Fermentation Starts with __________________ – Glucose is metabolized to ______________________ – A net of ________ ATP is made During alcoholic fermentation – _____________________ is ________________ to form _____________________ – ________________________ is released – ________________ is recycled so ____________________ can continue ___________________ do this – Leavened bread – Sparkling wine

Lactic Acid Fermentation Starts with ____________ – Glucose is metabolized to ______________________ – Pyruvate is reduced to form _________________________ – _________________ transfers H+ ions to ________________ regenerating NAD+ – A net of _____ ATP is made – No _____________ is released Muscle cells have the ___________________ to do this, but _________________ cells do not – Muscle cells can survive _______________ periods of oxygen _________________, but brain cells cannot – Lactic acid “_____________” in muscles

Maximum Oxygen Uptake Aerobic _____________________: measure of the ability of the heart, lungs, and bloodstream to supply __________ to the cells of the _______________ during physical activity A _______________________ rate at which an individual can consume __________ during maximal __________________ – –

Exercise and VO 2 max Moving from rest to exercise _______ energy requirements Metabolism __________________ in direct proportion to _______________ of work As demand for energy ______________________ so does ___________________ consumption (remember the role of oxidation to produce ATP to do work) VO 2 eventually peaks = VO 2 may remain _____________________ at max or drop slightly even through work _________________ continues to increase Average VO 2 max is Top athletes’ VO 2 max is

Supplements and Toxins Creatine phosphate – donates its high energy ____________________ to the production of ____________ Creatine phosphate + ADP ↔ creatine + ATP – increase in ______________ may help to store creatine phosphate in muscle cells (creating a ____________________ of phosphate ready for ATP production) – potentially also acts as a ___________________ in muscle cells against _____________________

Carbon ________________________ (CO) – combines with ________________________ preventing ________ from binding with red blood cells – affinity between hemoglobin and CO is about ______________ times __________________ than the affinity between hemoglobin and O 2 hemoglobin will bond with _________ before it will with _______ – No oxgyen available means the __________ ______________________ Low ATP production results in cell ____________

Cyanide and Hydrogen Sulfide – inhibit oxygen _______________________ by __________________________ – Stopping _______________ _________________