 CHEMICALLY IDENTICAL

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Presentation transcript:

 CHEMICALLY IDENTICAL Paraffin wax candle Body armor Plastic milk jug Fishing line  CHEMICALLY IDENTICAL Polymer Science allows us to engineer these materials and distinguish them from one another!

Polymers in Brief A polymer is a large (macro) molecule with a specific repeating structure Polymer properties are dictated by The bonding within the chains The bonding between the chains The size of the chains The shape of the chains The structure of a polymer is denoted using the smallest repeating unit: X Y Z n …-X-Y-Z-X-Y-Z-X-Y-Z-X-Y-Z-X-Y-Z-X-Y-Z-…

Common Polymers Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate Ester) High Density PolyEthylene Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Low Density PolyEthylene PolyPropylene PolyStyrene Poly(Methyl MethAcrylate) (Plexiglas), PolyCarbonate (Lexan), PolyUrethanes, PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (Teflon), PolyAmides (Nylon, Kevlar, Nomex), PolyImides, other Polyesters, etc.

All-Racemic = syndiotactic All-Meso = isotactic All-Racemic = syndiotactic Random = atactic Stereoisomerism (in vinyl polymers) Example 1. Diads in Poly(vinyl chloride) Example 2. Stereoregularity in polypropylene

Stereoisomerism (in polypropylene)  WHY THIS MATTERS Isotactic polypropylene Tm = 160-170 °C Strong, hard material with good resistance to stress, cracks, and chemical reaction Syndiotactic polypropylene Tm = 125-131 °C Softer than isotactic polypropylene Tough, clear, and stable when exposed to gamma radiation Atactic polypropylene Tm < 0 °C Soft, rubbery polymer

Structural isomerism (in polydienes) Diene numbering scheme Natural rubber WHY THIS MATTERS: 1,2 and 3,4 units are more reactive to crosslinking (vulcanization) than 1,4 units Example: Structural isomers of poly(isoprene)

The Effects of Molecular Weight Gases / fuels Solvents / fuels / oils Paraffin waxes Low-MW polyethylene High-MW polyethylene