The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March ITS as a new market for telecommunication in Ubiquitous ICT Tadao Saito CTO, Toyota Infotech Center Professor Emeritus the University of Tokyo

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Content o ICT markets for ubiquitous communication o Global Standard efforts to expand ICT markets for Ubiquitous applications o Automobile as an Ubiquitous market o New telecommunication performance requirements for ITS communication

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Content o ICT markets ubiquitous communication o Global Standard efforts to expand ICT markets for Ubiquitous applications o Automobile as an Ubiquitous market o New telecommunication performance requirements for ITS communication

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Saturation of Current IT Market CommunicationComputers Terminals personalize 2010 ? ? 2030 ?

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Saturation of Current IT Market CommunicationComputers Terminals personalize ubiquitous 2030

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Advances in Processors Moore’s Law prediction of advances 1960 ～ 1965 predicted one chip processor of 年 11 月 ,300transistors 1974 年 4 月 ,000transistors 1978 年 6 月 ,000transistors(5 ～ 10MHz) 1985 年 10 月 ktransistors( １６～ 33MHz) 1993 年 3 月 Pentium 5Mtransistors(60 ～ 300MH ｚ） 2000 年 11 月 Pentium4 80Mtransistors(1.4 ～ 3.8GHz) 2007 年 11 月 Itanium dual core 2Btransistors server chip （ 10 6 times in 36 years ） （ Intel Dec 2007 ）

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Barriers for improvements o Continuous dispute on possibility of further growth o In many discussions negative view seems to be reasonable. o In history who gave up continuation of growth always failed in competition o Current bottleneck is radio frequency to support communication. o Other bottlenecks requiring development efforts are: Energy Lithography Market growth Attractive application target o Target oriented efforts are always important. o Automobile technology is important target for ICT development.

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Content o ICT markets ubiquitous communication o Global Standard efforts to expand ICT markets for Ubiquitous applications o Automobile as an Ubiquitous market o New telecommunication performance requirements for ITS communication

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March N-ISDN PHS 1.2 k 2.4 k 9.6k 32k １.5 M 2M2M 10 M 100 M Transmissi on speed video TV conference G3FAX PC communication Voice Short message homeofficecitysuburba n rural Service area Wireless LAN CATV B-ISDN FPLMTS (3 rd Generation) Digital cellular Analogue cellular Mobile satellite pager 64 ｋ A book titled Radio multimedia of year 2000 published May 1995 in Japanese Proposal of combination of multiple radios in 1994 in Japanese government report which is the source of contribution for B3G in 2002.

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March ITU ー R vandiagram （２００２）

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Packet-based core network New radio interface Wireline xDSL Cellular 2 nd generation Digital broadcast RLAN type IMT-2000 Short range connectivity Services and application s Ｏｔｈｅｒ ｅｎｔｉｔｉ ｅｓ Download channel IPv6 IMS

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Distribution layer Cellular layer Hot spot layer Personal network layer Fixed (wired) layer Horizontal: handover within a system Vertical: handover between systems Possible return channels

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March TRANSMISSION RATE (bps) 1M1M 10M 100M 4G4G 100k 1G1G MOBILITY High speed stationary ） 3.5G 3G3G e WiMAX n （ UWB ） WiFi DSR C b a/g p 2G 、 2.5G 、 3G 、 3,5G 、 4G ： 802. ○□ ： IEEE Current VAN diagram Mobile WiMAX 10k 2G （ PDC ） 2.5G

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Content o ICT markets ubiquitous communication o Global Standard efforts to expand ICT markets for Ubiquitous applications o Automobile as an Ubiquitous market o New telecommunication performance requirements for ITS communication

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Advances in recent 10 years in ICT Application for automobile Traditionally ICT improved many aspects of vehicles including emission reduction and stability control. In recent 10 years, contribution of ICT in vehicle technology expanded fast. Vehicle Stability Control Radar Cruise Control Back Monitor Tire Pressure Monitor On Demand Information Shift Control based on Map Autonomous → Networked Interests for Communication, V2I and V2V

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March ICT Infrastructure for Traffic Improvement 1970 ’ sSignal control 1980 ’ sMajor improvements build in electronics for vehicle 1990 ’ sDSRC for Infrastructure-Vehicle communication Traffic Data Toll Collection 2000 ’ sTransport Telematics 2005 ’ sVehicle Safety Systems

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March ITS ITS Architecture （ by ITS America) Fixed point to fixed point Communications Roadway Toll Collection Parking Management Commercial Vehicle Check Vehicle Transit Vehicle Commercial Vehicle Emergency Vehicle Dedicated Short RangeCommunications Vehicle to Vehicle Communications Wide Area Wireless (Mobile) Communications Remote Traveler Support Personal Information Access Travelers Centers Vehicles Field Traffic Management Archived Data Management Maintenance & Construction Management Commercial Vehicle Administration Toll Administration Emergency Management Fleet & Freight Management Transit Management Emissions Management Information Service Provider Security Monitoring Maintenance & Construction Vehicle

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March TravelersCenters Wide Area Wireless Communications Fixed Point to Point Communications VehicleField Vehicle to Vehicle Communications DSRC

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Travelers Centers Wide Area Wireless Communications Wide Area Wireless Communications Fixed Point to Point Communications Fixed Point to Point Communications VehicleField Vehicle to Vehicle Communications DSRC Pedestrian

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March TravelersCenters Fixed Point to Point Communications Fixed Point to Point Communications VehicleField Vehicle to Vehicle Communications Ｕｂｉｑｕｉｔｏｕｓ Wireless Communications Ｕｂｉｑｕｉｔｏｕｓ Wireless Communications Pedestrian

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March ITS Vehicle services o Traffic management probing, dynamic fee management, emission management o Public transport management transit vehicle tracking, multimodal coordination o Traveler information personal route guidance, provider based route guidance,dynamic rideshare o Vehicle safety intersection safety warning, intersection collision avoidance, automated highway o Commercial vehicle operation fleet administration, freight administration, electronic clearance, weigh-in- motion o Emergency management stolen vehicle tracking, stolen vehicle control, emergency response, mayday support

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March In the past applications requiring high speed response were outside of IP network CALM System Management Networking Management Station Management Network Interface IPv6 Directory Internet Standard Application Internet ITS Application Existing ITS Application 2/2.5G 3G3G CALM IR CALM M5 CALM MM WiMax CALM Architecture ISO TC204

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Physical Transport Packet Transport Platform Physical Transport Packet Transport Platform Neutral Network Service Contents and Applications Packet Transport Service ProviderNetwork Service Vehicle Surrounding a neutral network, many telematics service providers can develop services To expand market Standardization of platform and application is important.

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Content o ICT markets ubiquitous communication o Global Standard efforts to expand ICT markets for Ubiquitous applications o Automobile as an Ubiquitous market o New telecommunication performance requirements for ITS communication

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Cell Phone as the Forerunner for Vehicle Communication o In 1990‘ ｓ Cell phone services became ubiquitous and quickly saturated in personal service market o Transport Telematics was expected to cultivate new market for Cell Phone Carriers. o Business model to charge for car telecom module as the second personal cell phone did not work in 90’s. o In 2000’s transport telematics is a auto-manufacturer based MVNO service and efforts are paid to promote providing useful services for automobile users. o Although performance of Cell Phone does not satisfy the requirement for ITS, appropriate design to satisfy requirement should be possible if new market is possible in future.

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Broad Range of Requirements for Machine to Machine Communication Latency for Setup 0.1msec ～ 10msec ～ 1sec ～ 100sec Distance of Communication 0.01m ～ 1m ～ 100m ～ 10km ～ 1000km Data Speed 1b/s ～ 100b/s ～ 10kb/s ～ 1Mb/s ～ 100Mb/s Coverage point, surrounding, linear, plane(operator, national,global) Addressing location, person, vehicle, machine, situation Error rate 10 -9, 10 -7, 10 -5, 10 -3, Technology life 5 years, 10 years, 20years, 100years

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March sec 1sec 10msec 0.1msec 1m1m 100m 10km 1000km Vehicle Networks Current Networks Internet POTS latency distance An Example of Performance Requirement for Vehicle Service

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Communication performance requirement for intersection safety warning Latency for Setup 10msec Distance of Communication 1m ～ 100m Data Speed 100b/s ～ 10kb/s Coverage surrounding Addressing location Error rate ～ Life of technology roadside 50 years vehicle 20 years

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Communication performance requirement for intersection collision avoidance Latency for Setup 10msec Distance of Communication 1m ～ 100m Data Speed 100b/s ～ 10kb/s Coverage surrounding, linear Addressing location Error rate ～ Life of technology roadside 50 years vehicle 20 years

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Communication performance requirement for mayday support Latency for Setup 1sec ～ 100sec Distance of Communication 10km ～ 1000km Data Speed 10kb/s ～ 1Mb/s Coverage plane (global :cross border) Addressing vehicle, machine Error rate ～ Life of technology roadside 50 years vehicle 20 years

The Fully Networked Car Geneva, 4-5 March Telecommunication network is changing rapidly o Telecommunication used to be a given social infrastructure which is difficult to change. o Around 2010, global telecommunication infrastructure will begin to change. Traditional network->All IP network IPv4->IPv6 Analogue TV-> Digital TV Person to person communication->Machine to machine communication o Vehicle is an important market for telecommunication business. o It is an important timing to propose to construct telecommunication infrastructure which is suited for vehicle use. o Clarification of requirement from the view point of vehicle is now required. o This requirements are also important for telecommunication to get expanded market in ubiquitous network era.