The English Reformation Chapter 14 Part 3

Early English Reformers John Wyclif John Wyclif Inspired the Peasant Revolt of 1381 (John Ball) Inspired the Peasant Revolt of 1381 (John Ball) “Every man free of mortal sin possesses lordship” “Every man free of mortal sin possesses lordship” His followers, the Lollards continued in England into the 16 th century His followers, the Lollards continued in England into the 16 th century

William Tyndale A Humanist who translated the English Bible in 1526 A Humanist who translated the English Bible in 1526 Became the basis for the King James version later Became the basis for the King James version later Only Latin or Greek translations were allowed Only Latin or Greek translations were allowed Tyndale was hunted down and executed in 1536 Tyndale was hunted down and executed in 1536 But thousands of English Bibles had circulated in England But thousands of English Bibles had circulated in England

Henry VIII Had supported and defended the Church against Lutheranism Had supported and defended the Church against Lutheranism Wrote and published Defense of the Seven Sacraments Wrote and published Defense of the Seven Sacraments The Pope awarded Henry VIII with the title, “Defender of the Faith” The Pope awarded Henry VIII with the title, “Defender of the Faith”

Since the 14 th Century The English king had the power to appoint bishops The English king had the power to appoint bishops France did not have this right until the Concordat of Bologna in 1516 France did not have this right until the Concordat of Bologna in 1516 Henry VIII had no issues with Church doctrine like the other reformers Henry VIII had no issues with Church doctrine like the other reformers

Henry VIII wanted an annulment Catherine of Aragon had five pregnancies but the only successful one resulted in Mary (later Bloody Mary) Catherine of Aragon had five pregnancies but the only successful one resulted in Mary (later Bloody Mary) Problem: Mary was betrothed to the Dauphin of France. Problem: Mary was betrothed to the Dauphin of France. If Mary inherited the throne, France would control England! If Mary inherited the throne, France would control England!

Henry needed a son! After much Bible study and soul-searching, Henry VIII concluded that God was punishing him because… After much Bible study and soul-searching, Henry VIII concluded that God was punishing him because… He was guilty of INCEST! (Book of Leviticus) He was guilty of INCEST! (Book of Leviticus) Catherine, his wife, had been married to his deceased older brother, Arthur. Catherine, his wife, had been married to his deceased older brother, Arthur. BUT belief that the marriage was never consummated BUT belief that the marriage was never consummated So Henry and Catherine were given a papal dispensation to marry So Henry and Catherine were given a papal dispensation to marry

Henry asked the Pope for an annulment So he could marry Anne Boleyn who was already pregnant So he could marry Anne Boleyn who was already pregnant The child HAD to be legitimate to inherit the throne The child HAD to be legitimate to inherit the throne Henry did not expect trouble with the annulment Henry did not expect trouble with the annulment BUT Charles V had just sacked Rome! BUT Charles V had just sacked Rome!

No Annulment The Pope was at the mercy of Charles V The Pope was at the mercy of Charles V Charles V was Catherine’s nephew! Charles V was Catherine’s nephew! If the annulment was granted…Mary would be illegitimate! If the annulment was granted…Mary would be illegitimate! When Henry DID divorce, the French had cause to end Mary’s betrothal to the French dauphin (win, win for Henry) When Henry DID divorce, the French had cause to end Mary’s betrothal to the French dauphin (win, win for Henry)

What was Henry to do? Cardinal Wolsey the English Archbishop failed to get the annulment from the Pope so he was replaced by… Cardinal Wolsey the English Archbishop failed to get the annulment from the Pope so he was replaced by… …Thomas Cramner who convinced Henry to break away from the Church and grant himself a divorce (as head of the Church) …Thomas Cramner who convinced Henry to break away from the Church and grant himself a divorce (as head of the Church)

The Act of Supremacy 1534 Henry broke from the Church and made himself official head of the Church of England Henry broke from the Church and made himself official head of the Church of England All Catholic land in England (25% of all land in England) was confiscated by the crown (Bonus) All Catholic land in England (25% of all land in England) was confiscated by the crown (Bonus) Doubled royal revenues (Nobles purchased the Church lands from the crown) Doubled royal revenues (Nobles purchased the Church lands from the crown) Was used to build up the army Was used to build up the army Monasteries were closed down, convents too Monasteries were closed down, convents too

Act of Succession 1534 All English Subjects had to take an oath of loyalty to Henry as head of the Church of England All English Subjects had to take an oath of loyalty to Henry as head of the Church of England Thomas More (Humanist and Chancellor) refused and was beheaded Thomas More (Humanist and Chancellor) refused and was beheaded 1536 Pilgrimage of Grace a huge multi-class rebellion in the North…largest in English history (was squashed) 1536 Pilgrimage of Grace a huge multi-class rebellion in the North…largest in English history (was squashed)

Henry’s wives Anne Boleyn delivered a girl, Elizabeth Anne Boleyn delivered a girl, Elizabeth Was executed for treason Was executed for treason Third wife Jane Seymour had a son, Edward, who became king on Henry’s death in 1547 Third wife Jane Seymour had a son, Edward, who became king on Henry’s death in 1547

1539 Statute of the Six Articles Most of the Catholic doctrines were kept: Most of the Catholic doctrines were kept: 7 sacraments 7 sacraments Clergy to be celibate Clergy to be celibate Transubstantiation Transubstantiation Infant Baptism Infant Baptism The Trinity The Trinity Etc. Etc. Many were disappointed at the lack of reform Many were disappointed at the lack of reform

Edward VI ( ) Was only 10 when he became king Was only 10 when he became king Was hugely influenced by Protestants Was hugely influenced by Protestants Calvinism was gradually adopted: Calvinism was gradually adopted: Priests could marry Priests could marry Icons removed from the Church Icons removed from the Church Communion by the laity was adopted Communion by the laity was adopted Salvation by faith alone (later Puritans will change) Salvation by faith alone (later Puritans will change) Denial of Transubstantiation Denial of Transubstantiation Only 2 sacraments: Baptism, communion Only 2 sacraments: Baptism, communion

Bloody Mary ( ) Religious struggle on Edward’s death Religious struggle on Edward’s death Lady Jane Grey was queen for 9 days Lady Jane Grey was queen for 9 days Lady Jane was Protestant Lady Jane was Protestant Mary (daughter of Catherine of Aragon) was Catholic and tried to bring the country back to Catholicism Mary (daughter of Catherine of Aragon) was Catholic and tried to bring the country back to Catholicism

Mary Tudor Married Philip II of Spain Married Philip II of Spain Rescinded reformation legislation of Henry VIII and Edward VI Rescinded reformation legislation of Henry VIII and Edward VI Marian Exiles Protests fled England due to persecution Marian Exiles Protests fled England due to persecution 300 people were executed 300 people were executed =“Bloody” Mary =“Bloody” Mary

Elizabeth I Daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII Daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII Catholics believed her to be illegitimate and championed cause of Mary Queen of Scots Catholics believed her to be illegitimate and championed cause of Mary Queen of Scots

Elizabeth was Strongly Protestant Legitimacy issue Legitimacy issue Was a Politique: took the middle ground between Anglicans and other Protestants. Religion took a back seat to the welfare of the state Was a Politique: took the middle ground between Anglicans and other Protestants. Religion took a back seat to the welfare of the state Puritans continued efforts to reform Puritans continued efforts to reform

Elizabethan Settlement Elizabeth required outward conformity but did not go out of her way to persecute unless she was challenged as head of the Church Elizabeth required outward conformity but did not go out of her way to persecute unless she was challenged as head of the Church People really could worship as they pleased as long as it was done privately People really could worship as they pleased as long as it was done privately

The Anglican Church under Elizabeth 1559 The Book of Common Prayer in English 1559 The Book of Common Prayer in English Some Catholic ritual remained Some Catholic ritual remained Monasteries NOT reestablished Monasteries NOT reestablished Clergy NOT allowed to marry Clergy NOT allowed to marry Anglican Church attendance was required OR one paid a fine Anglican Church attendance was required OR one paid a fine

The 39 Articles Defined the Creed of the Anglican Church Defined the Creed of the Anglican Church BUT was vague BUT was vague Accommodated most in England EXCEPT the Puritans Accommodated most in England EXCEPT the Puritans

Plots against Elizabeth Mostly by Catholics Mostly by Catholics Wanted to replace Elizabeth with Mary Queen of Scots Wanted to replace Elizabeth with Mary Queen of Scots 1587 Elizabeth had Mary Q of S executed so the threat was removed 1587 Elizabeth had Mary Q of S executed so the threat was removed James I, King of Scotland and son of Mary Queen of Scots, will take power on Elizabeth’s death beginning the Stewart Dynasty James I, King of Scotland and son of Mary Queen of Scots, will take power on Elizabeth’s death beginning the Stewart Dynasty