Cellular Respiration

Chemical Energy & Food One gram of glucose = 3811 calories 1 calorie = amount of energy needed to heat 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius Food calories are measured in Calories where 1 Calorie = 1000 calories. What is the difference?

Calories

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy Oxygen + Glucose  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid. 2 ATP needed to start reaction, 4 ATP are produced thus the net gain is 2 ATP.

Fermentation Releases energy from glucose without the presence of oxygen. There are two types of fermentation: alcoholic and lactic acid. Alcoholic fermentation is done by yeasts and some microorganisms. It produces alcohol & Carbon Dioxide Lactic Acid is produced by muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen.

The Krebs Cycle During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. Citric Acid is created in this cycle thus giving it the nickname Citric Acid cycle. Net ATP Production is 2 ATP.

Electron Transport Chain The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP. Total ATP 32.

Totals Gycolysis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP Total = 36 ATP

From Food to ATP

Energy & Exercise Quick energy – Lactic Acid fermentation is used to get quick energy and gives off lactic acid as a by product, thus the muscle pain. Long-Term Energy – Use cellular respiration to produce energy. Exercising or activities that last for at least 15 to 20 minutes. Best form for weight control.

The Oxygen Cycle

Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Function Energy Storage Energy Release LocationChloroplastsMitochondria Reactants CO 2 and H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 Products CO 2 and H 2 O Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O