Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Energy Flow
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Energy Flow
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Concept 9.1 Catabolic Pathways Oxidize organic fuels Energy
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Catabolic pathways yield energy due to the transfer of electrons Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction Na + Cl Na + + Cl – becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes reduced (gains electron)
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Catabolic pathways yield energy due to the transfer of electrons Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction Na + Cl Na + + Cl – becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes reduced (gains electron) LEO GER
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Catabolic pathways yield energy due to the transfer of electrons Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction Na + Cl Na + + Cl – becomes oxidized (loses electron) becomes reduced (gains electron) LEO the tiger says GER LEO GER
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Incompletely exchange electrons CH 4 H H H H C OO O O O C HH Methane (reducing agent) Oxygen (oxidizing agent) Carbon dioxideWater + 2O 2 CO 2 + Energy + 2 H 2 O becomes oxidized becomes reduced Reactants Products Figure 9.3
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings During cellular respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy becomes oxidized becomes reduced LEO the tiger says GER
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cellular respiration oxidizes glucose in a series of steps Glucose ? Oxygen e-
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cellular respiration oxidizes glucose in a series of steps Glucose ? Oxygen e-
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings NAD +, a coenzyme Figure 9.4
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings NAD +, a coenzyme Figure 9.4
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings NAD +, a coenzyme Figure Hydrogen atoms removed by dehydrogenase enzyme
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings NAD +, a coenzyme Figure Hydrogen atoms removed by dehydrogenase enzyme 2.2 electrons (e-) and 1 proton (H+) transferred to NAD+ NADH 3.Other proton release into surrounding solution
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Overview of Cellular Respiration Food > NAD > NADH > e- transport chain O 2 Transferred # e- # H + # e- ? Enzyme? # e- pulled # H pulled
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Overview of Cellular Respiration Food > NAD > NADH > e- transport chain O 2 2e- 1H + 2 e- Dehydrogenase 2 e- 2H -What is Oxidized? -What is Reduced?
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mitochondria Structure! Outer Membrane Intermembrane Space Inner Membrane – Cristae Matrix
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Stages of Cellular Respiration: A Preview Cellular Respiration- 3 metabolic stages 1.Glycolysis 2.Citric Acid Cycle 3.Oxidative Phosphorylation
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Occurs in the cytoplasm Oxidizes glucose to pyruvate Stage 1: Glycolysis
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Glycolysis consists of two major phases: 1. Energy investment phase 2. Energy payoff phase
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 1. Energy Investment Phase Glucose ATP _______ Total ATP used?
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 1. Energy Payoff Phase 2 NADH 2 ATP 2 Pyruvate Total ATP made?
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Energy Investment and Payoff Phases Starting with 1 glucose indicate how many molecules of the following are produced during glycolysis: A. Total ATP made B. Total pyruvate? C. Total NADH?
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Before the citric acid cycle can begin Pyruvate Acetyl CoA
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Before the citric acid cycle can begin Pyruvate Acetyl CoA
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Citric Acid Cycle Produce: -NADH/FADH2 -CO2 -ATP
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Citric Acid Cycle Produce: -NADH/FADH2 -CO2 -ATP
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Citric Acid Cycle Produce: -NADH/FADH2 -CO2 -ATP
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Citric Acid Cycle Produce: -NADH/FADH2 -CO2 -ATP
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings An overview of the citric acid cycle
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings An overview of the citric acid cycle 1. How many of each of the following molecules are produced per turn? 2. How many of each is made per glucose molecule? NADH FADH2 CO2 ATP
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Concept 9.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation: NADH and FADH 2: – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain – Electron transport inner membrane
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Electron Transport Chain
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Electron Transport Chain 1. NADH + FADH2 electrons 2. electron transport chain 3. O 2 4. O 2 + 2H + = H20
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Electron Transport Chain 5. H+ pumped through electron transport chain proteins from matrix to intermembrane space 6. H+ diffuse back into matrix through ATP Synthase = ATP!!!
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Electron Transport Chain/ Ox. Phosphorylation
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ATP Synthase Rotor Stator Rod Knob (Catalytic sites)
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Certain poisons interrupt cellular respiration Figure 6.11
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Energy flow during respiration: Glucose NAD+ NADH e- transport chain = proton-motive force ATP
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 3 main metabolic processes
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Concept 9.5 Fermentation vs. Cellular respiration = Cells produce ATP without the use of oxygen
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Alcohol Fermentation
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Alcohol Fermentation
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Alcohol Fermentation 4e - 2H +
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lactic Acid Fermentation
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Lactic Acid Fermentation 4e - 2H +
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pyruvate is a key juncture in catabolism
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Evolutionary Significance of Glycolysis Glycolysis – Occurs in nearly all organisms – Probably evolved in ancient prokaryotes before there was oxygen in the atmosphere
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Concept 9.6
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regulation of Cellular Respiration via Feedback Mechanisms Cellular respiration – Is controlled by an allosteric enzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Control of cellular respiration in glycolysis + – –
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Review Ch. 9 Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration Reactants and Products? How are electrons pulled from Glucose? – Dehydrogenase, NAD+, NADH
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Review! Mitochondrial Structure 3 Stages of Cellular Respiration: 1. Glycolysis (glucose 2 pyruvate) #NADH, #ATP, #CO2, #FADH2? 2. Citric Acid Cycle (pyruvate acetyl CoA) #NADH, #ATP, #CO2, #FADH2? 3. Oxidative Phosphorylation
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Review Fermentation no O2 Alcohol and Lactic Acid Carbs., fats and proteins can be used in C.R. Phosphofructokinase
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Certain poisons interrupt cellular respiration Figure 6.11