Literature of the Middle Ages

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Presentation transcript:

Literature of the Middle Ages

English language development Historical periods English language development Anglo-Saxon Old English 449-1066 Use of Runes, symbols Middle English Middle English 1066-1500 French influence CTales is in Middle English Renaissance Modern English 1500-present

Medieval Drama Sponsored by church Miracle and mystery plays Retold Bible stories or lives of saints Morality plays, 15th century, dealt with ordinary people taught moral lessons

Johann Gutenberg 1454 – perfected movable type Printing spread rapidly through Europe

William Caxton 1476 – first movable-type press in England Literature no longer needed to be hand-copied by church scribes One of first projects – Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales

Medieval Poetry

The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer An exchange of tales by pilgrims on the way to Canterbury Shows cross-section of Medieval society 22 of expected 120 tales completed

The Canterbury Tales Heroic Couplet A pair of rhyming lines Five stressed syllables each

Lyric Poetry Popular instrument: lyre Strummed while verse recited Two categories of poetry: secular and religious

Ballads Popular poetic form Folk song that tells a story Robin Hood

A New Genre of Literature

Knighthood and Chivalry It was the primary duty of all males above the serf class to be trained to be a knight.

After a boy completed years of training, in a home other than his own... He would be “dubbed” a knight, given the title, “sir” and all rights of the warrior caste.

Knighthood was grounded in the idea of extreme loyalty and a knight was bound to certain codes of honor that forced him act in a certain manner - even if it would result in his certain death.

Knights had to adhere to strict codes of honor… Such as never attacking an unarmed opponent

Chivalry was a system of social codes that governed the behavior of knights ...and ladies.

And, in addition, adoring a particular lady was seen as a means of self-improvement.

Revering and acting in the name of a lady would make a knight braver and better. And even though the relationship was purely platonic...

The Romance The stories of knights and ladies developed into a new genre of literature... The Romance

King Arthur Celtic knight/king Subject of most popular romances Sir Thomas Malory: Le Morte D’Arthur, 15th century