MUS1100 Exploring Music World Music Semester 1, 2006 Music of Indonesia with Dr. Made Mantle Hood Music of Indonesia with Dr. Made Mantle Hood

Today’s Lecture Part I. Historical background PartII. West Sumatra Part III. Central Java Part IV. Bali Part I. Historical background PartII. West Sumatra Part III. Central Java Part IV. Bali

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Gong-chime Cultures Historical Background: 8th Cen. Borobudur Budhist monument base reliefs of instruments 13-16th Majahpahit Hindu Javanese Empire Court Arts, music and dance for the god- king 16-19th Cen. Islamic domination and Dutch colonies 20th Cen. Island archipelago unified as Indonesia 8th Cen. Borobudur Budhist monument base reliefs of instruments 13-16th Majahpahit Hindu Javanese Empire Court Arts, music and dance for the god- king 16-19th Cen. Islamic domination and Dutch colonies 20th Cen. Island archipelago unified as Indonesia

West Sumatra: Minangkabau People highlands utilize small gongs and percussion in an orchestra called talempong Talempong - four small knobbed kettlegongs played by two to four players accompanied by drums called gandang Gandang - double headed conical drums Minangkabau People highlands utilize small gongs and percussion in an orchestra called talempong Talempong - four small knobbed kettlegongs played by two to four players accompanied by drums called gandang Gandang - double headed conical drums

Musical example: Trk 2Talipuak Kampai Talempong Sikatuntuang Bunga Setangkai Played by group of elderly women from Padang Alai. Six talempong played by four players, two-headed drum played with stick and hand. Music of Indonesia Vol. 12 – Gongs and Vocal Music from Sumatra. Smithsonian Folkways, 1996 CD2596 Trk 2Talipuak Kampai Talempong Sikatuntuang Bunga Setangkai Played by group of elderly women from Padang Alai. Six talempong played by four players, two-headed drum played with stick and hand. Music of Indonesia Vol. 12 – Gongs and Vocal Music from Sumatra. Smithsonian Folkways, 1996 CD2596

 (Kartomi 1983: 117) Tari Piring - ‘plate dance’

Central Java: Gamelan - large percussion orchestra of bronze gongs, drums, string instruments and flutes. 50 to 60 musicians/singers Four instrument groups 1. gongs 2. metallophones 3. melodic instruments 4. percussion Gamelan - large percussion orchestra of bronze gongs, drums, string instruments and flutes. 50 to 60 musicians/singers Four instrument groups 1. gongs 2. metallophones 3. melodic instruments 4. percussion

Gongs:  Gong Ageng - the largest bronze gong, 1 meter in diameter, revered for its sonic/spiritual power  Kempul - smaller tuned gongs that punctuate melody  Gong Ageng - the largest bronze gong, 1 meter in diameter, revered for its sonic/spiritual power  Kempul - smaller tuned gongs that punctuate melody

Metallophones:  Saron - single octave set of thick bronze slabs suspended over a single trough resonator. Played with hard wooden mallet. Three octaves: demung - low barung - middle peking - high  Gender - multi-octave thin bronze keys with individual bamboo resonators. Played with two padded disc mallets and acts as melodic leader.  Saron - single octave set of thick bronze slabs suspended over a single trough resonator. Played with hard wooden mallet. Three octaves: demung - low barung - middle peking - high  Gender - multi-octave thin bronze keys with individual bamboo resonators. Played with two padded disc mallets and acts as melodic leader.

Java Listening Example: Trk 6 Lancaran Manyar Sewu Sl. Manyura  From: Original Javanese Music: Wedding and Welcome ceremony Vol. 3Keraton Records 1991, CD 193. Trk 6 Lancaran Manyar Sewu Sl. Manyura  From: Original Javanese Music: Wedding and Welcome ceremony Vol. 3Keraton Records 1991, CD 193.

Central Javanese Gamelan  (Kartomi 1983:3122)

Performance Context Wayang Kulit - shadow puppet theatre -stories from the Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana -Dhalang or pupperteer directs orchestra, operates puppest, sing spoetry, speaks dialog for all characters --typical performance lasts from 9pm to 6am -For wedding, circumcisions, festivals of the royal court of Yogya and Solo Wayang Kulit - shadow puppet theatre -stories from the Indian epics Mahabharata and Ramayana -Dhalang or pupperteer directs orchestra, operates puppest, sing spoetry, speaks dialog for all characters --typical performance lasts from 9pm to 6am -For wedding, circumcisions, festivals of the royal court of Yogya and Solo

Bali: the gamelan gong gede Gong kebyar video ‘Festival 2004 Composed by Nyoman Winda “Lekesan” Flashy music and costumes in a virtuosic style

Map of Bali

Metallophones The three octaves of the gangsa family

Summary  Bronze instruments form a major part of traditional and contemporary Indonesian musical identity.  Gamelan in its various forms from Sumatra, Java and Bali are instruments essential to the music of Indonesia