Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 11 Developmental Theories Denise Coffey MSN, RN

2 Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Growth and Development Growth and Development  Growth encompasses the physical changes across a person’s lifespan.  Developmental processes include biological, cognitive, and socioemotional factors.

3 Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Developmental Theories  Provide a framework for examining, describing, and appreciating human development.  Help nurses assess and treat a client's response to illness.

4 Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Biophysical Developmental Theories  Examine how bodies grow and change  Gessell’s Theory of Development  Based on children’s physical growth

5 Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Psychoanalytic/Psychosocial Theory  Describes development from personality, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives  Sigmund Freud  Identified five stages of development  Erik Erikson  Identified eight stages of development

6 Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Perspectives on Adult Development  Human development is lifelong  Changes are slower  Roger Gould  Four themes

7 Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Cognitive Developmental Theory  Examines how people learn to think and make sense of their world  Jean Piaget  Four stages  Social cognitive theory  Albert Bandura

8 Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Moral Development Theory  Refers to changes in a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that influence the perception of right or wrong  Piaget’s Moral Developmental Theory  Two stages  Kohlberg’s Moral Developmental Theory  Six stages

9 Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Moral Reasoning and Nursing Practice  Nurses need to identify their own moral reasoning.  Nurses need to recognize the level of moral reasoning used by other health care team members.