1 Gene Frequency and Natural Selection Fantastic 5 Morgan Benson, Juan Tellez, Shelby Wrona, Brianna Valenzula, Victoria Ramirez

2 Gene Frequency and Natural Selection and their relationship. Gene Frequency The ratio of a particular allele to the total of all other alleles of the same gene in a given population. Another definition is the proportion of gene to its allele in an interbreeding population. Natural Selection The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. Darwins theory sits as the best idea of natural selection. Relationship The relationship between gene frequency and natural selection is that gene frequency leads to diverse gene pools where natural selection occurs. The favorable genotype will survive and produce new off springs. The genotype that is non-favorable to the environment will die off.

3 1. Mix 40 black beads and 40 white beads into one cup. 2. Distribute randomly picked pairs into separate cups. 3. Determine phenotype and genotype and record the data. 4. Remove beads according to these set of rules: 100% homologous white pairs removed, 33 % homozygous black pairs were added. 5. Repeat these steps until you reach the sixth generation. 6. Calculate the frequency of each genotype and allele, record frequencies. Case 4 1. Mix 40 black beads, 40 white beads and 20 red beads into one cup. 2. Distribute randomly paired beads into separate cups and identify/record genotype. 3. Sets of pairs include: Homozygous dominant BB Heterozygous Bw, Homozygous recessive ww, Mutation RR, Dominant with mutation RR, Recessive with mutation wR. 4. Mix the new generation then repeat steps until you reach generation six. 5. Calculate the frequency of genotypes. Gene Frequency Methods Case 2 and 3

4 Results: Gene frequency 4

METHODS: NATURAL SELECTION Each person selected a color that represented our species. We got 40 dots and placed them in our plastic cups. We then placed 20 out of the 40 dots on our environment. (the environment never exceeds over 40 dots for each specie) A predator (person from other group) comes and picks off as many dots of any color for one minute. We calculated how many of our species was lost, then the amount left in the environment. The surviving you then paired. Those were called the surviving pair. We added back in the offspring, which is the surviving pair times 2. The second generation had one predator using to hands. The third generation had two predators using one hand each. The fourth generation had two predators using to hands each. The fifth generation had a natural disaster and one hand was used to swipe the middle of the environment. 5

RESULTS: NATURAL SELECTION 6

Natural Selection Methods Environment 1- Gen. 1-3 Blue background with different colored spots Environment 2- Gen 4-6 Lime green background with different colored dots Natural disaster occurs in this environments 7

8 Gene Frequency Survivors Rate (Top) Natural Selection Survivors (Right) Gene Frequency vs. Natural Selection

Conclusion 9 Gene Frequency Traits within your genotype and phenotype cannot be predicted because its chosen at random; therefore, we don’t know how the children are going to look. They may possess traits from parents or grandparents or even great grandparents. Natural Selection Natural selection is the gradual process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment.