ATTREX cloud measurements & implications for dehydration in the Tropical Tropopause Layer B. Gandrud a, E. Jensen b, G. Diskin c, R. P. Lawson a, S. Lance.

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Presentation transcript:

ATTREX cloud measurements & implications for dehydration in the Tropical Tropopause Layer B. Gandrud a, E. Jensen b, G. Diskin c, R. P. Lawson a, S. Lance a, S. Woods a, T. P. Bui b, R. Gao d and T. Thornberry d -SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO a -NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA b -NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA c -NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO d

ATTREX2013 payload locations

Fast Cloud Droplet Probe (FCDP) -count & size based on forward scattering -design to eliminate/reduce shattering -1 to 50 µ diameter with oversize bin -modern high speed electronics w/ pbp

Supporting measurements NASA DLH (Diskin), open path WV NOAA Water Vapor & Total Water (Thornberry & Gao) multiple WV measurements with emphasis on quality NASA MeteorologicalMeasurement System (Bui) – T, P, winds, latitude & longitude

ATTREX2011 results Jensen et al, PNAS , p , January 22, 2013 Homogeneous freezing responsible for high ice numbers in thin layers Heterogeneous freezing responsible for low ice numbers over larger regions, above, below and in the absence of high ice concentration layers High ice concentration numbers effectively deplete water vapor in excess of saturation but this does not imply irreversible dehydration because the particles do not grow large enough to fall out Implication for models that moist air with SR ice >1 can be transported across the TTL

flight SF01 -designed to sample cold air near SW end of flight path

-very thin cloud observed during 2 nd vertical profile -single particle/second counts observed throughout flight, falling ??

-very thin cloud appears when SR ice just exceeds 1

-descent and ascent very similar -particles in the largest bin & in oversize size distributions

-high concentration cloud at S end of flight track flight SF05

-particles form when SRi>1

-events with large number of particles remove water vapor from the parcel and drive SRi closer to 1

flight planning -designed to sample cold pool in eastern Pacific

ATTREX (R0 data)

TTL measurement in eastern Pacific -9 cloud encounters

Cloud 3 -large cirrus concentration drives SR ice down to near 1 -large SR ice observed with low cirrus concentration

Cloud9 -even cirrus concentration ~300 drives SR ice to near 1 -SR ice >1 observed with low cirrus concentration

size distributions

FCDP & TW comparison

Cloud4 - uncertainty in FCDP sizing and density of ice - uncertainties in TW enhancement factor

2013 results to date: -agreement with 2011 showing 2 categories of cirrus, high & low ice concentrations corresponding to homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing respectively -5 of 6 flights show cirrus concentrations greater than 1000 L -1 in thin layers, usual size mode is under 10µ diameter -all flights show cirrus concentrations in the L -1 range over larger extent, usual size mode is over 10µ diameter -comparison of water mass derived from FCDP and NOAA TW instrument are in reasonable agreement

Acknowledgements: -SPEC Inc. grant funding from NASA Radiation Science Program -NASA Dryden Aircraft Operations Facility -Global Hawk ground and flight crews -ESPO at NASA Ames Research Center -and all of the science participants

NOAA TW enhancement factor