US History Objectives 10.02 and 10.03

US Enters WWII After Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 Production for war will result in US coming out of the Great Depression

US Offensive in Europe Operation Torch Operation Husky November 1942 Invade Northern Africa (land taken by Italy) Operation Husky July 1943 Allies invade Italy Benito Mussolini no longer in power

Operation Husky Operation Torch

Operation Overlord- D-day Allied invasion of Northern France France was occupied by Nazi Germany Invade Normandy, France Allied forces- mainly American and British Most famous invasion of WWII Clear beach for Allied forces Advance through France and Belgium toward Germany Liberate (free) France and other nations along the way

D-Day Videos

Allies close in on Hitler and Germany Allied forces advance through France American and British forces Soviet forces advance through Poland Allied forces advance through Italy Turning Point Battle of the Bulge in Belgium May 8, 1945 V-E Day (Victory in Europe)- Germany officially surrenders

War in the Pacific Led by General Douglas MacArthur Use theory of “island hopping” Take control of islands in Pacific Ocean on their way to mainland Japan Turning Point Battle of Midway Final islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa captured in early 1945

Truman’s Decision Harry Truman Decision Becomes President in 1945 after FDR dies in office Decision Invade Japan Try to get them to surrender peacefully Use atomic weapons Developed using the Manhattan Project Use Atomic Weapons for 3 reasons Japan will not surrender peacefully Invading Japan would result in American lives lost Atomic Bomb would bring about a quick end to the war Drop 2 atomic bombs August 6, 1945 on Hiroshima August 9, 1945 on Nagasaki September 2, 1945- V-J Day (Victory in Japan)- surrender

Atomic Bomb Videos Nagasaki Hiroshima

Other World War II Events 4 Conferences Atlantic Charter- alliance between US and Britain Tehran Conferences- leaders of US (FDR), Britain (Churchill) and Soviet Union (Stalin) 1943 Made plans for D-day invasion in France Agree to divide Germany after war

Conferences Cont. Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference February 1945- Again Big 3 leaders Divide Germany into 4 zones after war Soviets agree to join war in Japan Agree to form a United Nations to keep peace Potsdam Conference August 1945- Again Big 3 leaders Talks don’t go well Truman is now President (he and Stalin disagree) Soviets insist on being able to keep land in Eastern Europe (Poland) Lead to division in Europe West- democratic East- communist under Soviet control

Map of Post-WWII Europe

World War II and the American Homefront US History Goal 10.03 World War II and the American Homefront

Increase Military Selective Service Act Women Minorities Requires men of a certain age to register for draft Over 10 million soldiers will be drafted Women Be allowed to serve as nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, other non-combat jobs Minorities US military segregated Minorities- Mexicans, Chinese and Blacks join Eventually some see combat

Labor and Economic Recovery Industries begin to produce for war in 1942 Automobile plants- tanks, planes, boats Over 6 million women enter workforce Over 2 million minorities enter workforce

Government control of Economy Office of Price Administration Ration food and freeze wages and prices National War Labor Board Allowed benefits (vacation) for workers War Production Board Ration fuel and materials like gasoline and metals Department of the Treasury Sold and issued War Bonds

Economic Prosperity Unemployment falls to 1.2% in 1944 Farmers prosper Better machinery, fertilizers Production increases 50% Population Movements Great Migration to the North Move to California from South

GI Bill Servicemen’s Readjustment Act Known as GI Bill Returning soldiers get money to go to college or get job training Also gave low interest loans for buying homes or starting businesses Result in many Americans going to college

Japanese Internment Following Pearl Harbor, fear of attacks on West Coast US will relocate Japanese citizens living there to internment camps Many Japanese will lose their businesses and possessions Create Anti-Japanese feelings in the United States

Map

Signs and Video

Korematsu vs. US (1944) US Supreme Court Case Following Pearl Harbor, civil rights and liberties of Japanese Americans taken away Korematsu will sue for rights US Supreme Court will rule that internment was constitutional due to military necessity (clear and present danger clause)

World War II Propaganda Goals Promote conservation of fuel and food Sell bonds to finance the war Promote the US Armed Forces and convince people to join the military

Rosie the Riveter Used to encourage women to do their part by working in factories and help industries build for the war effort Women were not allowed to join the military

Military Posters

Rationing

War Bonds