National Curriculum Physical Education and School Sport National Curriculum Physical Education and School Sport SECTION 3: UNIT 1

SOCIAL BASIS OF SPORT & REC Origins of sport = Was – went through- today Origins of sport = Was – went through- today Role of Phys Ed in education system Role of Phys Ed in education system Involvement of gov. Involvement of gov. Social factors affecting performance & participation Social factors affecting performance & participation

Assessment TAKING NOTES NOW MAKES IT EASIER LATER ON ! TAKING NOTES NOW MAKES IT EASIER LATER ON !

CULTURAL BACKGROUND POPULAR RECREATION – Pre 1800’s Pre-industrialization Rural / farming community Who, what, where, when, why, how Time line! Think ANCIENT!

2 Classes Pre-industry 1. UPPER Gentry Gentry Courtly Courtly Nobility/ Aristocracy Nobility/ Aristocracy Bourgeoisie Bourgeoisie 2. LOWER Peasants Peasants Populace / Popular Populace / Popular Proletariat Proletariat

Bare Knuckle boxing – lower class Bare Knuckle boxing – lower class Upper class gamble - status Upper class gamble - status Upper class is represented by employee Upper class is represented by employee Similar circumstances for most blood sports, animal fighting, some Mob football Similar circumstances for most blood sports, animal fighting, some Mob football

RECREATION OF THE PEASANTRY BEFORE 1800 Blood Sports Blood Sports Contests Contests Group Games Group Games Prize fighting Prize fighting Others Others RUSTIC GAMES RUSTIC GAMES Sport reflects society Bear, Bull baiting, cock fighting Bear, Bull baiting, cock fighting Archery, swords – War! Archery, swords – War! Mob Football+Hockey, hurling Mob Football+Hockey, hurling Wrestling, boxing Wrestling, boxing Skittles, ringing the bells Skittles, ringing the bells Biscuit Bolting, whistling match, wheelbarrow race Biscuit Bolting, whistling match, wheelbarrow race

RECREATION OF THE GENTRY BEFORE 1800 Blood Sports Blood Sports Contests Contests Hunting Hunting Prize fighting Prize fighting Others Others Activity Variation – time, space, money, transport Onlookers, wagers Onlookers, wagers Fencing, jousting Fencing, jousting With horses/guns – otters, fox, hawking With horses/guns – otters, fox, hawking Patrons Patrons Billiards, bowling, Real Tennis, fishing on own estate/swimming Billiards, bowling, Real Tennis, fishing on own estate/swimming

PLAYED BY BOTH! CRICKET, BLOOD SPORT, FIGHTING Upper class had own teams Upper class had own teams Workers employed for ability Workers employed for ability Wagers Wagers

POPULAR RECREATION ESSENTIALS P re P re L ocalised L ocalised U ncoded U ncoded C ruel C ruel I rregular I rregular C ourtly/Popular C ourtly/Popular R ural R ural O ccupational O ccupational W ager W ager

HOMEWORK Pick 3 activities from each class Pick 3 activities from each class Research, notes, case studies, U-tube Research, notes, case studies, U-tube “W” ‘s “W” ‘s Has it changed much from Pre 1800 to today? Has it changed much from Pre 1800 to today? Eg Mob football – Shrovetide (Ashbourne), Association Soccer Eg Mob football – Shrovetide (Ashbourne), Association Soccer

Mob football today (21 st century) Mob football today (21 st century) Where, who, how – photograph! Where, who, how – photograph!

POPULAR SPORTS AND FESTIVALS Ashbourne Game -footy Ashbourne Game -footy Haxey Hood Game – chase hood Haxey Hood Game – chase hood Stamford Bull Running Stamford Bull Running Robert Dover’s Games - festival Robert Dover’s Games - festival Hallaton Hare Pie Scramble Hallaton Hare Pie Scramble and Bottle Kicking Game and Bottle Kicking Game The Derby Game !?! The Derby Game !?! Alnwick Game –folk footy Alnwick Game –folk footy Lutterworth Mob Hockey Lutterworth Mob Hockey WIKIPEDIA / GOOGLE FOR MORE RULES/DETAILS ON EACH. WIKIPEDIA / GOOGLE FOR MORE RULES/DETAILS ON EACH.

Social analysis and mainstream values Life was both hard and cheap Life was both hard and cheap Public Hangings were amongst the most popular Social Gatherings Public Hangings were amongst the most popular Social Gatherings So, while the agricultural workers had neither wealth nor particularly Good Health, at least they had both Space and Time-A feature that was soon to change So, while the agricultural workers had neither wealth nor particularly Good Health, at least they had both Space and Time-A feature that was soon to change From the 1750’s, there began a move to the towns and the influence of the technical revolution began to be felt. From the 1750’s, there began a move to the towns and the influence of the technical revolution began to be felt.

Sports such as the maypole, the harvest festivals, the church wakes and various other opportunities for a “bit of sport” did not transport well to the grime of the cities. People now had to work long hours to keep a roof over their heads. Sports such as the maypole, the harvest festivals, the church wakes and various other opportunities for a “bit of sport” did not transport well to the grime of the cities. People now had to work long hours to keep a roof over their heads.

Post 1800 Industrialization Industrialization Urbanisation Urbanisation Transport Transport Changes in society Changes in society Impact on sports in both classes! Impact on sports in both classes! Swimming = Rivers to Baths (lower) Swimming = Rivers to Baths (lower) Real Tennis = “E”’s Real Tennis = “E”’s

Class System change Post Industrial (after 1800) 1. Upper 2. Upper Middle – Middle – Lower Middle 3. Working Use correct names in right time zone

SPORT AFTER 1800 The main thrust of the industrial revolution started in the middle of the C18th and continued through the C19th. During this time, the population shift to the towns and cities that was triggered by industrialization, saw England move from being an Agricultural economy to an Industrial one. The changes were not only economic, the structure of society also changed which influenced recreational patterns across the classes. The main thrust of the industrial revolution started in the middle of the C18th and continued through the C19th. During this time, the population shift to the towns and cities that was triggered by industrialization, saw England move from being an Agricultural economy to an Industrial one. The changes were not only economic, the structure of society also changed which influenced recreational patterns across the classes.

Social analysis and mainstream values The impact of such overwhelming change in economic and industrial terms clearly had social impact.With both Time and Space now severely curtailed, life changed dramatically for the working family. The impact of such overwhelming change in economic and industrial terms clearly had social impact.With both Time and Space now severely curtailed, life changed dramatically for the working family. A new Urban Middle Class emerged (Industrialists, Entrepreneurs, Professionals, Managers ) and their values and attitudes were different from those of the pre industrial Peasant or Gentry Farmer A new Urban Middle Class emerged (Industrialists, Entrepreneurs, Professionals, Managers ) and their values and attitudes were different from those of the pre industrial Peasant or Gentry Farmer

With the move to the Towns, the pattern of recreation for the Working classes changed drastically, but it was some time before this new change was addressed. The delay in the development of any meaningful infrastructure meant that for some time there was a certain amount of social disorder. THE URBAN REVOLUTIONS

Sport was going through major change due to societal change Sport was going through major change due to societal change Sport and recreation found it’s way into the education system during the 19 th century Sport and recreation found it’s way into the education system during the 19 th century Again must ask the “W” ‘s Again must ask the “W” ‘s 2 nd section on time line – 2 nd section on time line – “PUBLIC SCHOOL ATHLETICISM”