Chapter 3

Lesson 3-2

The first ten amendments to USC Enacted as a shield against the possible violation of specified human rights as declared in the DC

Amendment 1 Amendment 1 Freedom of speech, press, assembly, and religion Amendment 2 Amendment 2 Right to bear arms Amendment 3 Amendment 3 Limits the quartering of soldiers Amendment 4 Amendment 4 Protects from unreasonable search and seizures Amendment 5 Amendment 5 Deprivation of a liberty requires due process of law.

Amendment 6 Amendment 6 Right to a speedy trial by an impartial jury Amendment 7 Amendment 7 Right to a trial by jury in civil cases Amendment 8 Amendment 8 Protects from cruel and unusual punishment Amendment 9 Amendment 9 Assures that rights not enumerated are retained by the people (rights that are NOT necessarily listed) Amendment 10 Amendment 10 Powers the USC gives to each state and not to the federal government (“states powers.”)

USC serves as a shield for the civil rights of the people CIVIL RIGHTS The personal, natural rights guaranteed by the USC. Religious friction Separation of church and state

5 th One of the most significant amendments is the 5 th Due process is required if any liberty is refused Due process is required if any liberty is refused Pursuit of happiness NOT included in USC. Pursuit of happiness NOT included in USC. LEGAL RIGHTS – entitled by law LEGAL RIGHTS – entitled by law LEGAL DUTIES – obligations or standards of conduct toward others enforceable by law LEGAL DUTIES – obligations or standards of conduct toward others enforceable by law DPL requires fairness in compliance with the law. DPL requires fairness in compliance with the law. If convicted a person may be deprived of property by fine, liberty by imprisonment, life by execution If convicted a person may be deprived of property by fine, liberty by imprisonment, life by execution

Not mentioned in the Bill of Rights Courts recognize them as necessary to protect the rights. i.e. the right of privacy In some instances, now a crime.

Amendment 13 Amendment 13 Abolished involuntary servitude Amendment 14 Amendment 14 Prohibits laws or acts within a state that deny any personal equal protection Prohibits laws or acts within a state that deny any personal equal protection Amendment 15 Amendment 15 Ensures the newly freed slaves the right to vote Amendment 19 Amendment 19 Ensures ALL citizens can vote - - regardless of color, race, or sex – Women’s Suffrage Amendment 24 Amendment 24 Ensures the right to vote in federal elections will not be denied if a poll tax cannot be paid Amendment 26 Amendment 26 Yeah!!! Eighteen year olds finally get to vote. Go register!!!

Gives the federal government its power of taxation Gives the federal government its power of taxation provides that the governing body empowered by the document may enact laws as it sees fit to promote or provide for the general welfare of the people. has been used as a basis for legislation promoting the health, safety, morals, and well-being of the people. Also called the spending clause

The clause of the USC that defines the powers of Congress.

States that the USC and federal laws are the supreme laws of the land.

Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Robert Livingston The Committee of Five of the Second Continental Congress drafted and presented to the Congress what became known as America's Declaration of Independence of July 4, 1776.Second Continental CongressDeclaration of Independence This Declaration committee operated from June 11, 1776 until July 5, 1776, the day on which the Declaration was published.