French Republic Section 3

National Convention of st meeting in September Universal Manhood Suffrage – The way delegates were elected – Meant every adult male could vote

3 Groups emerge Girondians – Named after department of Gironde – Republicans that feared domination by Paris Jacobins – Republicans who favored domination by Paris – Radicals – Wanted reforms to benefit all classes Other Delegates

National Convention governed for 3 years – Declared end of monarchy – Write new constitution – Still fight war – Brought Louis XVI to trial Charged with plotting against the security of France Sentenced to death Beheaded on January 2, 1793 – France defeats Austria and Prussia

Really, France? #you’ve got to be kidding me! France then attacks Austrian Netherlands European monarch countries unite against France – Pushed out of Netherlands Allied countries invade France…AGAIN – Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, parts of Germany

Committee of Public Safety 1793 Set up to direct army in times of warfare to ward off invasions Adopted Conscription – Draft – 18 – 25 – Unmarried – Abled body – Young French develop a sense of NATIONALISM

Reign of Terror Legislature worked to suppress all opposition to new government Tried and killed anyone and everyone disloyal to the government Robespierre and Danton – Leaders – Even had Marie Antoinette killed Eventually legislatures say enough – Had Robespierre killed – End of Reign of Terror – Many wanted the monarchy back

Good things National Assembly accomplished Opened elementary schools Stopped inflation Addressed human rights abuses Established religious toleration Adopted metric system Calendar (didn’t last) Army Victorious

Constitution of 1795 Established 2 houses – Lower 500 men Proposed laws – Upper 250 men Accepted or rejected proposals Elected 5 member “DIRECTORY” – Executive Branch Eliminated Universal Manhood Suffrage – Only male property owners could vote – Wealthy controlled France once again Lasted 4 years

Napoleon Bonaparte 26 years old, 5’2” tall General in Wars with Great Britain, Austria, Sardinia (Germany) Stopped uprising in Paris that would have stopped the creation of the Directory Advance career by marriage – Josephine de Beauharnais – Made Commander of French Army in Italy

Napoleonic Wars 1796 – 1815 Genius in military tactics France gains land and prestige Mistake – Fought British in Egypt – Embarrassing defeat – Leaves army and goes back to France – Lies about victory (lack of)

Napoleon Takes Power France losing territories British alliance pushing France out People fear invasion 1799 – legislature gets rid of 4/5 Directors Napoleon has Army surround legislature Those left turn government over – Coup d’etat – seizing power by force “I found the crown of France lying on the ground, and I picked it up with my sword.” --Napoleon Bonaparte