Chapter 16.3 States of Matter

Atoms and Molecules

Molecule smallest possible particle of a compound that retains the property of a compound

smallest possible particle of an element Atom smallest possible particle of an element

1 drop of water is made up of more than Water is a compound. One molecule of water is made of 2 elements of hydrogen and 1 element of oxygen. 1 drop of water is made up of more than 3,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules

Molecules are always in motion. At higher temperatures they move faster than at lower temperatures. The rate of the molecules determines the state of matter.

Measures the average energy of a certain amount of molecules. Temperature Measures the average energy of a certain amount of molecules.

temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. Melting point temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. Boiling point temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

transformation from a liquid to a gas Evaporation transformation from a liquid to a gas a cooling process

transformation from a gas to a liquid Condensation transformation from a gas to a liquid

transformation directly from a solid to a gas. Sublimation transformation directly from a solid to a gas.

States of matter Solid, Liquid, Gas

Characteristics of the states of matter

Solid Molecules vibrate but cannot change position retains its shape and size

Liquid molecules move over and around each other has definite volume but no shape

Gas molecules move around freely and separate from one another has no definite shape and no definite volume

What is the only difference in the states of matter the movement of molecules

Fourth state of matter

most common state of matter in the universe Plasma most common state of matter in the universe matter is heated to such a high temperature that some of the atoms actually begin to break apart.

neon and fluorescent lights Examples of plasma: core of the sun neon and fluorescent lights lightning