Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Whole Body Terms Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 CHAPTER GOALS  Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body.  Identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities.  Locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen.  Locate and name the anatomical divisions of the back.

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3 CHAPTER GOALS  Become acquainted with terms that describe positions, directions, and planes of the body.  Identify the meanings for new word elements and use them to understand medical terms.

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY  CELLS  TISSUES  ORGANS  SYSTEMS

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY Cells—Fundamental units of all living things  Major parts of a cell include: chromosomes nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY  CELL—the fundamental unit of all living things

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7  metabolism  anabolism  catabolism  cell membrane  chromosomes  cytoplasm  DNA STUDY SECTION 1  endoplasmic reticulum  genes  karyotype  metabolism  mitochondria  nucleus

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY  Cells are specialized to carry out individual functions.  Some cell types Epithelial cell Fat cell Nerve cell Muscle cell

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY Tissues  Different tissue types include:  Epithelial Tissue  Muscle Tissue  Connective Tissue  Nerve Tissue

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY  Organs: Different types of tissue combine to form an organ  Systems: Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12  adipose tissue  cartilage  epithelial cells  histologist  larynx  pharynx  pituitary gland STUDY SECTION 2  thyroid gland  trachea  ureter  urethra  uterus  viscera

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Cranial Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Spinal BODY CAVITIES AND ORGANS Brain Lungs and heart Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas Portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum Nerves of the spinal cord Cavity Organ(s)

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14 BODY CAVITIES  Identify the body cavities in the figure

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15 BODY CAVITIES  Body cavities are the spaces within the body that contain internal organs (viscera).

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16 QUICK QUIZ: 1.Which body cavity contains the pleural cavity and the mediastinum? A.cranial B.pelvic C.spinal D.thoracic

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17 QUICK QUIZ: 2.Which body cavity contains the peritoneum? A.abdominal B.pelvic C.spinal D.thoracic

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18 ORGANS OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC AND THORACIC CAVITIES

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19 ORGANS OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC AND THORACIC CAVITIES

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20  abdominal cavity  cranial cavity  diaphragm  dorsal (posterior)  mediastinum STUDY SECTION 3  pleura  pleural cavity  spinal cavity  thoracic cavity  ventral (anterior)

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21 ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS Regions Right Hypochondriac region Left Hypochondriac region Epigastric region Right Lumbar region Left Lumbar region Umbilical region Right Inguinal region Left Inguinal region Hypogastric region

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22 ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23 ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24 ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS  Quadrants Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25 ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26 ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27 ANATOMICAL DIVISIONS OF THE BACK  Cervical  Thoracic  Lumbar  Sacral  Coccygeal

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28 ANATOMICAL DIVISIONS OF THE BACK

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 29 ANATOMICAL DIVISIONS OF THE BACK

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 30 QUICK QUIZ: 3.Name the abdominopelvic region that is located in the central region near the navel. A.inguinal B.umbilical C.lumbar D.hypochondriac

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 31 QUICK QUIZ: 4.Name the abdominopelvic region that is located in the lower middle below the umbilical region. A.inguinal B.epigastric C.lumbar D.hypogastric

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 32 POSITIONS, DIRECTIONS, AND PLANES OF THE BODY Positional and Directional Terms Anterior (ventral) Posterior (dorsal) Deep Superficial Proximal Distal Inferior Superior

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 33 POSITIONAL AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 34 POSITIONAL AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 35 POSITIONS, DIRECTIONS, AND PLANES OF THE BODY  Positional and Directional Terms (cont’d) Medial Lateral Supine Prone

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 36 POSITIONS, DIRECTIONS, AND PLANES OF THE BODY  Planes of the Body Frontal (coronal) Sagittal (lateral) Transverse (cross-sectional or axial)

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 37 POSITIONAL AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 38 Positional and Directional Terms

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 39 COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES abdomin/oabdomen adip/ofat anter/ofront bol/oto cast (throw) Combining FormMeaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 40 COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES cervic/oneck (of the body or uterus) chondr/ocartilage chrom/ocolor coccyg/ococcyx (tailbone) Combining FormMeaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 41 COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES crani/oskull cyt/ocell dist/ofar, distant dors/oback portion of the body Combining FormMeaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 42 COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES AND PREFIXES hist/otissue ili/oilium (of the pelvic bone) inguin/ogroin kary/onucleus Combining FormMeaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 43 COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES later/oside lumb/olower back medi/omiddle nucle/onucleus Combining FormMeaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 44 COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES pelv/ipelvis poster/oback, behind proxim/onearest sacr/osacrum Combining FormMeaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 45 COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES sarc/oflesh spin/ospine, backbone thel/onipple thorac/ochest trache/otrachea, windpipe Combining FormMeaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 46 COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES umbilic/onavel, umbilicus ventr/obelly side of the body vertebrovertebra(e), backbone(s) viscer/ointernal organs Combining Form Meaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 47 COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES ana-up cata-down epi-above hypo-below inter-between meta-change Combining FormMeaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 48 COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES -eal pertaining to -iac pertaining to -ior pertaining to -ism process, condition -ose pertaining to, full of -plasm formation -somes bodies -type picture, classification Suffix Meaning

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 49 QUICK QUIZ: 5.Which term means process of cutting the skull? A.thoracotomy B.craniotomy C.diskectomy D.arthroscopy

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 50 PRONUNCIATION GUIDE REVIEW  ā as in āpe  ē as in ēven  ī as in īce  ō as in ōpen  ū as in ūnit  ă as in ăpple  ĕ as in ĕvery  ĭ as in ĭnterest  ŏ as in pŏt  ŭ as in ŭnder

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 51 PRONUNCIATION Examples: adiposeĂD-ĭ-pōs caudalKAWD- ăl distalDĬS-tăl tracheaTRĀ-kē-ă