Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop “Broad Band continuum and Cyclotron Scattering Features in the Spectra of Accreting X-ray Pulsars” Andrea Santangelo, E. Kendziorra, C. Tenzer, D. Klochkov, D. Horns, T. Schanz, M. Martin Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics Karls Eberhard Universität Tübingen

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Courtesy of Scientific American  X-ray Binaries with a NS Liu et al. A&A, 2000, 2005   Most of them are in HMXRB  A few LMXRB (Her X-1, 4U , GX1+4)

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Accretion Kuster, 2003 Ghosh & Lamb, 1978 B ~ G On grounds of magnetic flux conservation during the SN core collapse

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop The „Transient“ Behaviour of the Be/X-ray Binaries Kretschmar, 1996  1 Crab  1mCrab

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Accretion Columns ? Basko & Sunyaev, 1976 Kuster, 2003

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Or Accretion “Spaghetti” ?

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Kretschmar, 1996 after Harding, 1994

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop BB Fe Lines PL  ~  Ecyc Wien Hump Dal Fiume et al., A&A 1998

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop POHEI (E) = E  E<E cut E>E cut E  exp(-(E-E cut )/E f )) White et al, 1983 Tanaka, 1986 Mihara, 1995 Approximates thermal comptonization  Sunyaev and Titarchuk, 1980 The continua ? Segreto, 2001

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop 1st Science Question Which is the broad band continuum of accreting Pulsar ? What are the physical processes that generates the continuum emission in the accretion column? And the ones that reprocess the emerging radiation ? Becker & Wolff, ApJ 2007

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Broad Band Phase Resolved Spectroscopy with high granularity in phase 1st Requirement

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Cyclotron lines basic theory The motion of the electron perpendicularly to the B field is quantized in the Landau levels Equispaced If relativistic corrections are taken into account θ is the angle between the photon and the magnetic field

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Cyclotron lines basic theory (2) Electron is excited to the n Landau level Lifetime is short De-excitation to ground state via single or multiple photon emission Mean free path is short, quasi instantaneous re- capturing of the photon

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Schönerr et al., PHD Thesis, 2007

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop 1:(1.9 ±0.05) :(2.8 ±0.05):(3.9±0.1) Harmonic ratios The EW of harmonics were found to be larger than the fundamental Shallow First Deep Second RXTE Heindl et al. 1999; BeppoSAX Santangelo et al., 1999 E 1 cyc  E 2 cyc  keV E 3 cyc  E 4 cyc  49.5 keV E 5 cyc  60. keV

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop 2nd Science Question What can we learn from phase resolved studies of Cyclotron line energy, width and depth? Can we extract Physical information (Physical parameters of the plasma!) from the phase variation of the line shape and emission wings ? Excellent progress have been made in the last years!! G. Schönherr et al., A&A, submitted O. Nishimura, PASJ, 2006 Araya & Harding, ApJ 517, 334 (1999) Araya & Harding, ApJ 544, 1067 (2000)

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop f(θ) f(E) f(p) energy distribution ~ f(E) isotropic injection internally irradiated plasma electron temperature T e rel. Maxwellian distribution ground Landau state low-density plasma Ingredients: geometry, photons and electrons B~10 13 G cylinder τ cy = τ/sin( θ ) θ slab τ sl = τ/cos( θ ) θ f(p,T e ) QM relativistic cross sections E┴E┴ Courtesy of Gabi Schönherr, IAAT/Bamberg; Schönherr et al., 2005 Schönerr et al., PHD Thesis, 2007

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Line morphology Schönerr et al., A&A submitted 2007

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Phase Resolved Spectroscopy of harmonics parameters and capability of morphological studies 2nd Requirement

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop The luminosity dependence  Anticorrelation ?  Correlation ?

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Correlation or Anti-correlation?  Tsygankov et al., 2006  V , Outburst 2005  Anticorrelation is clearly observed  Staubert et al., 2007  Her X-1, 5 years of data  Correlation is clearly observed  Caballero et al., 2007  A

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Again X  Tsygankov et al., 2007, astro- ph v1  4U , Outburst 1999, but also 2004

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop 3rd Science Question What can we learn from the luminosity dependence of Cyclotron line energy, width and depth ? Correlation/Anticorrelation are related to the accretion luminosity ? Do we observe a change of regime around ergs/sec ?

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Capability of monitoring with good accuracy and wide dynamic range the luminosity dependence of CRSF parameters 3rd Requirement

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Simbol X: broad band

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Simbol X: Phase Resolved Spectroscopy

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Simbol X: Morphology

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Luminosity dependence, V0332

Andrea Santangelo, IAAT Bologna Simbol-X Workshop Conclusions Simbol X will be able to observe with unprecedented accuracy –Broad band phase resolved continuum (BB, PL, Cut-off, harder tails) –The Phase Dependence of CRSF –The Luminosity dependence of CRSF parameters –Phase Resolved Line shapes studies  Emission processes of spectral formation  …spectral reprocessing  Geometry of the pulsed components  …of the line forming region  Plasma Parameters  …B, T, tau, etc…