War of 1812

CAUSES 1. 1.Napoleonic Wars in Europe Britain and France were fighting over Europe American was trying to remain neutral and continue trade with both nations Wars lead to Embargo Act of 1807

Embargo Act of 1807 Embargo Act of 1807 – Jefferson halted all trade with England & France Why is the Embargo Act of 1807 important? Lack of trade with Europe hurt US economy   Regional division occurred: Some parts of the country want war with British; others do not

Causes, con’t {Keep in mind what else is going on in America around this time, which brings us to CAUSE #2:} 2. British sided with Native American tribes as Americans pushed Natives aside during expansion

Causes, con’t 3. War Hawks   Favored war with Britain   Who were they? Henry Clay [KY] John C Calhoun [SC]

The War Hawks’ Opponents? The Federalist political party!   They oppose war– call it “Mr. Madison’s War”   Some threatened to secede from the Union   Northerners are Federalists, War Hawks tend to be Southerners   Beginnings of regional divide in the nation!

WAR HAWKS Henry Clay [KY] John C Calhoun [SC] Henry Clay [KY] John C Calhoun [SC]

Causes, con’t 4. Impressment   Why might Brits have wanted American sailors?   Impressment means “the act of taking men into a navy by force”

Battles U.S. focuses much of it energy north of our border near Canada U.S. wins naval Battle of Lake Erie, 1813   U.S. begins war with a weak navy (compared to Brits)

Battles, con’t British invade via land and march to Washington, D.C., 1814   burn White House Battle at Fort McHenry, Baltimore   Americans prevail, defending the fort   What is famously written by a prisoner on a British ship in the Baltimore harbor?

Treaty of ghent   Battle of New Orleans ended Jan 1815 Neither side won the war, but by not losing, the US “won” (why?)   Relations restored to status quo ante bellum   US & Britain have yet to fight since IMPACT of WAR of 1812? War improved US prestige overseas Also created new spirit of nationalism & unity Signed in Belgium on Dec 24, 1814 Hey, make sure you got the key points from this slide, since we were rushed. Be sure you can tell me who the “winner” was of this war and WHY!

American Politics after the War of U.S citizens are proud to have won Increased nationalism! 2.Around this time the “common man” became more involved in politics and voting “Age of the Common Man” voter turnout Emphasis: All white males should have equal access to the political system 3.Presidential campaigning started to evolve into what we think of presidential campaigning today 4.Rise of interest groups, sectional issues

Warhawks "I ABSTAIN (REFRAIN) AT THIS TIME FROM RECOMMENDING TO THE CONSIDERATION OF CONGRESS DEFINITIVE MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO THAT NATION (FRANCE), IN THE EXPECTATION THAT THE RESULT OF … DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN OUR MINISTER … AT PARIS AND THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT WILL SPEEDILY ENABLE CONGRESS TO DECIDE WITH GREATER ADVANTAGE ON THE COURSE DUE TO THE RIGHTS, THE INTERESTS, AND THE HONOR OF OUR COUNTRY""I ABSTAIN (REFRAIN) AT THIS TIME FROM RECOMMENDING TO THE CONSIDERATION OF CONGRESS DEFINITIVE MEASURES WITH RESPECT TO THAT NATION (FRANCE), IN THE EXPECTATION THAT THE RESULT OF … DISCUSSIONS BETWEEN OUR MINISTER … AT PARIS AND THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT WILL SPEEDILY ENABLE CONGRESS TO DECIDE WITH GREATER ADVANTAGE ON THE COURSE DUE TO THE RIGHTS, THE INTERESTS, AND THE HONOR OF OUR COUNTRY" Napoleon's clever diplomacy and outright deception kept the American government from reinstating the embargo on France and from including France in its 1812 Declaration of War.Napoleon's clever diplomacy and outright deception kept the American government from reinstating the embargo on France and from including France in its 1812 Declaration of War.

"…OUR COMMERCE HAS BEEN PLUNDERED IN EVERY SEA, THE GREAT STAPLES OF OUR COUNTRY HAVE BEEN CUT OFF FROM THEIR LEGITIMATE MARKETS" Exports by State for Fiscal 1806 (Total value of exports 101,536,963) Exports by State for Fiscal 1807 (Total value of exports 22,430,960) Exports by State for Fiscal 1808 (Total value of exports 16,022,790) Exports by State for Fiscal 1814 (Total value of exports 6,927,441) Exports by State for Fiscal 1815 (Total value of exports 52,557,753)