Tuesday September 15, 2015 Mr. Goblirsch – U.S. History OBJECTIVE – Students Will Be Able To – SWBAT : -Describe reasons for, and outcomes of, the demand for railroad reform. AGENDA: 1)WARM-UP: RxR Map 2)CONCEPT: RxR Impacts & Fighting RxR Corruption 3)GUIDED READING: Credit Mobilier (P. 238) 4)VIDEO CLIP: Transcontinental RxR 5)CLOSURE: Finish Chapter 5 Review Questions RxR Map WARM-UP: (Follow the directions below) ***5 Minutes*** Analyze the map on P Answer the questions below 1)Why was rail construction concentrated in the East before 1870 and in the West after 1870? 2)When it’s 7 p.m. in Ceres, California, what time is it in Kansas City, Missouri? 3)What about in Salt Lake City, Utah? 4)What about in Atlanta, Georgia?

THE UNITED STATES IS DIVIDED INTO 4 TIME ZONES

THE WORLD IS DIVIDED INTO 24 TIME ZONES

RxR Impacts Positive – - Opened the west for settlement – Pop incr. (1% West of Miss. Riv 1850 – 1900 = 30%) - Helped industries/business grow (iron, coal, steel, lumber, glass, eventually oil) - Towns grow in west = new markets (Chicago, Minneapolis, Denver, Seattle) - Unified the Nation – contributed to national time zones (4 in Cont. U.S. – 6 total – 24 World) Negative – - Fixed prices to overcharge farmers - poor working conditions/wages for workers (Chinese & Irish, Civil War vets, A.A.) - Corruption – Credit Mobilier (P. 238)

Textbook Reading Read pg. 238, Pullman and Credit Mobilier Answer the questions below in your notebook: 1) Describe the town of Pullman. 2) How did RxR owners use Credit Mobilier to make huge, undeserved profits?

Fighting RxR Corruption 1. Granger Laws - Regulated RxR to establish maximum freight & passenger rates & prohibit discrimination Protect Farmers Interests 2. Munn v Illinois – state can regulate RxR & private industry to serve public good 1877 RxR challenged constitutionality, Supreme Court upheld to protect farmers and consumers 3. Interstate Commerce Act 1887 established ICC to supervise RxR 1886 – state could not regulate Interstate Commerce ICC had trouble regulating (long legal process)

Ch 5 Review Questions DIRECTIONS: Use your notes and textbook to answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper. DO NOT WRITE DOWN THE QUESTION. Answer them in complete sentences. 1.Why did farmers think that an increased money supply would help solve their economic problems? (Ch 5 Sec 3 P. 220) 2.What reforms did the Populist party want to implement? (Ch 5 Sec 3 P. 221) 3.On P. 220, Answer Analyzing Political Cartoons Question #1. 4.On P. 220, Answer Analyzing Political Cartoons Question #2.

On the Wrong Track Quick Write The expanding railroads captured the imagination and support of most 19 th Century Americans. However, not all Americans jumped on the bandwagon. Herman Melville, the author of Moby Dick, stood firm against the smoke- belching iron horse and the waves of change it set in motion. “Great improvements of the age? Who wants to travel so fast? My grandfather did not, and he was no fool.” Write a paragraph argument objecting to one of today’s modern developments. Ex. – , cell phones, texting, social media (twitter or Facebook), iPods, etc.

A NATIONAL NETWORK By 1869, tracks had been laid across the continent (Golden Spike- Utah) Immigrants from China and Ireland and out-of- work Civil War vets provided most of the difficult labor Thousands lost their lives and tens of thousands were injured laying track IMMIGRANTS FROM CHINA LAID TRACK

RAILROAD AND TIME Before 1883, each community still operated on its own time For example: Noon in Boston was 12 minutes later than noon in New York City Indiana had dozens of different times No standard time reference

PROFESSOR DOWD CREATES TIME ZONES In 1869, to remedy this problem, Professor C.F. Dowd proposed dividing the earth into 24 time zones The U.S. would be divided into 4 zones: the eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific 1883 – Railroads synchronized their watches across U.S – International Conference adopts zones PROFESSOR DOWD EXPLAINS HIS TIME ZONES

RAILROADS SPUR OTHER INDUSTRIES The rapid growth of the railroad industry influenced the iron, coal, steel, lumber, and glass businesses as they tried to keep up with the railroads demand for materials Cities sprang up around railroad lines Also, new markets, opportunities for profits

RAILROADS LED TO GROWTH OF CITIES Many of today’s major cities owe their legacy to the railroad Chicago, Minneapolis, Denver, and Seattle all grew up thanks to the railroad “MY KIND OF TOWN”

PULLMAN: A FACTORY & TOWN In 1880, George Pullman built a factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars in Illinois The nearby town Pullman built for his employees was modeled after early industrial European towns Pullman workers felt his puritanical town was too strict When he lowered wages but not rent – it led to a violent strike in 1894 THE TOWN GEORGE PULLMAN

CREDIT MOBILIER SCANDAL Stockholders of Union Pacific Railroad formed a construction company in 1864 Stockholders then gave contracts to the company to lay track at 3 times the actual costs and pocketed the difference They donated shares of the stock to 20 Republican members of Congress in 1867 POSTER FOR BOGUS CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

THE GRANGE AND THE RAILROADS Farmers were especially affected by corruption in the railroad industry Grangers (a farmers organization) protested land deals, price fixing, and charging different rates to different customers Granger Laws were then passed protecting farmers States were given regulation control of railroads by the Courts GRANGERS PUT A STOP TO RAILROAD CORRUPTION

INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT In 1887, the Federal government re- established their control over railroad activities Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act and established a 5- member Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) The ICC struggled to gain power until – CONGRESS PASSED THE ICA