Daily Inventory of Biomass Burning Emissions using Satellite Observations and Using Satellite Observations of CO from MOPITT Colette Heald Advisor: Daniel Jacob TRACE-P Data Workshop #2 June 24, 2002

Fire Activity and CO Emissions during TRACE-P Main Features: Most significant burning in SE Asia and NE India Relatively little burning in China AVHRR Firecounts during TRACE-P Climatological March BB CO Emissions BUT, fire activity (and therefore emissions) are highly variable… BB > 50% of Spring CO Emissions in Asia!

Concept: Daily Biomass Burning Emissions Annual BB CO Emission Budget Monthly BB CO Emission Budget AVHRR Daily Satellite FireCounts Daily Fire Activity (correct for coverage) Daily BB CO Emission Budget CONSTRAIN TOTAL EMISSIONS ADD TEMPORAL VARIABILITY Incomplete Daily Coverage Fire Activity Data: gridded (0.5°x0.5°) AVHRR daily product World Fire Web ( data, no longer operational)

AVHRR Coverage Limitations Coverage limited by: 1.Polar Orbit 2.Ground Station Data Submission 3.Clouds 4.Scan Angle fire detection dependence! First Order Correction (for 1-3): Defining the Fraction on Fire (FOF) Percentage of days observed in Spring 2001 Average Cloud Cover during Spring 2001 fi = # pixels on fire ci = # cloudy pixels ti = # total pixels

Issue: Spurious Periodicity in Fire Products Problem: Fire pixels increase in size as scan across track (see fewer pixels) and fire detection algorithm less efficient at large scan angles Plan: Remove large scan angle observations and correct remaining fire observations Satellite polar orbit 8-days until repeats to same nadir point Fire detection efficiency drops as scan across track Nadir observations USE THESE FIRE OBSERVATIONS TO PARTITION MONTHLY BB CO EMISSIONS

Attributing Source Type to Observations Multivariable fit to aircraft CO: –PCE (C 2 Cl 4 ) ~ fossil fuel –HCN ~ biomass burning, biofuel –Background term ~ chemical production BLACK=OBSERVATIONS RED=FIT 5 minute merge, O3<100 ppb, no transit flights

Observation and Model Location of Source Influenced CO HCN=BB/BFTOTAL CO MISSING BB AND FF SOURCES? FORMALIZE WITH INVERSION STUDY MODEL OBSERVATIONS PCE=FF BB, BF and FF model CO diagnosed with tagged tracers BB, BF and FF observed CO diagnosed with PCE and HCN

CO Source Inversion: MOPITT and TRACE-P Objective: Investigate how satellite and aircraft observations can be integrated to quantify large-scale sources of pollution to the atmosphere EMISSIONS MOPITT AIRCRAFT Use a top-down approach to verify regional emission estimates for Asian CO

MOPITT Validation Profiles during TRACE-P Courtesy: Louisa Emmons (NCAR) BLACK=AIRCRAFT RED=AIRCRAFTxAVG KERNELS BLUE=MOPITT V2 Retrieval: ~20% bias V3 Retrieval: Better agreement V3 Changes: Calibration Recovered data (40%) Clouds from MODIS New a priori

Comparing MOPITT (v.2) and GEOS-CHEM CO MOPITT adjusted for bias

Evolution of CO Features in MOPITT March 25, 2001March 26, 2001March 24, 2001 GEOS-CHEM MOPITT

Ft. 4: Aged Asian Plume MOPITT validation (40N, 132W) 12 hours later… MOPITT Aircraft GEOS-CHEM ( km) MOPITT overpass 20:00GMT (Solid stratus deck)

Future Plans 3 papers Biomass Burning emission inventory with daily resolution: Application to aircraft observations of Asian outflow –Correct for scan angle dependence in fire product –Implement new emission inventory in GEOS-CHEM model to characterize variability in CO concentrations associated to daily BB inventory –Employ PCE and HCN as tracers for FF and BB/BF respectively to validate the influence of variability in BB. Quantifying Asian sources of CO: An integration of satellite and aircraft observations during TRACE-P –Assess the consistency of the aircraft and MOPITT data sets –Investigate how aircraft and satellite observations can be optimally combined –Perform an Asian source inversion during TRACE-P Characterizing trans-Pacific transport events of Asian pollution as observed by aircraft and MOPITT during TRACE-P –Collaborate with Louisa Emmons (NCAR) to investigate a case of transport of Asian pollution as observed aboard aircraft, by MOPITT and simulated by GEOS-CHEM