Russian Revolution World History II J. Lilly World History II J. Lilly

On the road to revolution  By 1914 (beginning of WWI):  Poverty  Industrially backwards  Czar Nicholas (monarchy) had most power  Elected Duma had no power  Use of secret police to impose czar’s will  Corrupt bureaucracy and busy court system  By 1914 (beginning of WWI):  Poverty  Industrially backwards  Czar Nicholas (monarchy) had most power  Elected Duma had no power  Use of secret police to impose czar’s will  Corrupt bureaucracy and busy court system

The Romanovs

World War I (Russia)  Czar Nicholas took charge of the military plans for World War I despite the fact he was not at all prepared to lead the military.  Russian industry was unable to produce the weapons of war.  By 1917-Russia had no longer the will or ability to continue fighting  Czar Nicholas took charge of the military plans for World War I despite the fact he was not at all prepared to lead the military.  Russian industry was unable to produce the weapons of war.  By 1917-Russia had no longer the will or ability to continue fighting

Rasputin - The Mad Monk  Advisor to the monarchy  Used “special powers” to heal the son of Alexandra & Nicholas who had hemophilia  Very powerful influence over Alexandra while Nicholas was away  Weakened confidence in monarchy  Killed by Russian nobles loyal to Nicholas and Alexandra  Advisor to the monarchy  Used “special powers” to heal the son of Alexandra & Nicholas who had hemophilia  Very powerful influence over Alexandra while Nicholas was away  Weakened confidence in monarchy  Killed by Russian nobles loyal to Nicholas and Alexandra

March Revolution & Collapse of the Monarchy  Food & fuel shortages:  1917 workers strikes in St. Petersburg  Shut down all factories  Soldiers join the strike. Nicholas steps down and ends 300 year Romanov Dynasty  Russia stays in war  Lenin and the Bolsheviks (“majority”) gain power  Food & fuel shortages:  1917 workers strikes in St. Petersburg  Shut down all factories  Soldiers join the strike. Nicholas steps down and ends 300 year Romanov Dynasty  Russia stays in war  Lenin and the Bolsheviks (“majority”) gain power

V.I. Lenin and Bolshevik Promises  End to war (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)  Redistribution of land to peasants  Worker control of production  All power to Soviets (workers/soldiers)  After the civil war, Bolsheviks are renamed the Communists  End to war (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)  Redistribution of land to peasants  Worker control of production  All power to Soviets (workers/soldiers)  After the civil war, Bolsheviks are renamed the Communists

Lenin’s Socialism  Socialism (Karl Marx) - workers would eventually rise up and overthrow capitalism creating a classless society  Lenin called on the Russian elite (Bolsheviks) to lead the revolution to overthrow capitalism  Socialism (Karl Marx) - workers would eventually rise up and overthrow capitalism creating a classless society  Lenin called on the Russian elite (Bolsheviks) to lead the revolution to overthrow capitalism

Communism? Stop saying it and tell me what it is!  Capitalism - trade and industry are controlled by private members for profit; (clear wealthy, middle, poor)  Socialism - Trade and industry should be owned and regulated by the public as a whole (classes are less clear).  Today’s Socialist govts (Sweden) regulate many BIG areas (mining, electric, health care, gas, water).  Communism - taken from Karl Marx -trade and industry is controlled by the government (one ruler) completely (classes are unclear)  Capitalism - trade and industry are controlled by private members for profit; (clear wealthy, middle, poor)  Socialism - Trade and industry should be owned and regulated by the public as a whole (classes are less clear).  Today’s Socialist govts (Sweden) regulate many BIG areas (mining, electric, health care, gas, water).  Communism - taken from Karl Marx -trade and industry is controlled by the government (one ruler) completely (classes are unclear) X

Civil War (Russia)  Red Army  Communists/ Bolsheviks  Led by Leon Trosky  “War Communism” -a collection of emergency measures  The Cheka - secret police  Rigid discipline (follow orders or die)  Red Army  Communists/ Bolsheviks  Led by Leon Trosky  “War Communism” -a collection of emergency measures  The Cheka - secret police  Rigid discipline (follow orders or die)  White Army  Counterrevolutionary  Supported Czar (monarchy)  Assassination attempt of Lenin “Peace and liberty in Soviet Russia”

Here we see Lenin (far left) with his friend Trotzky carrying wreaths to place on the graves of those whom the latter called "glorious martyrs of freedom."

Lenin and the NEP  New Economic Plan - Put forth to deal with the collapse of “war communism”  Some Capitalistic ideas; allowed economy to recover  USSR - United Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 Unification of the old Russian empire)  Lenin dies and Stalin takes over (WWII Dictator)  New Economic Plan - Put forth to deal with the collapse of “war communism”  Some Capitalistic ideas; allowed economy to recover  USSR - United Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 Unification of the old Russian empire)  Lenin dies and Stalin takes over (WWII Dictator) Hammer & Sickle