Table of Contents Infectious Disease The Body’s Defenses Preventing Infectious Disease

How Pathogens Are Spread - Infectious Disease How Pathogens Are Spread Pathogens can spread through contact with an infected person; soil, food, or water; a contaminated object; or an infected animal.

Using Prior Knowledge - Infectious Disease Before you read, look at the section headings and visuals to see what this section is about. Then write what you know about infectious diseases in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, write what you learn. What You Know Bacteria and viruses can cause disease. What You Learned Pathogens spread through contact with an infected person, animal, or object, or through contaminated soil, food, or drink.

The Immune System - The Body’s Defenses The immune system includes T cells and B cells. The cells work together to fight infections.

Immune Response Activity - The Body’s Defenses Immune Response Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about immune response.

Active Immunity - Preventing Infectious Disease A person acquires active immunity when his or her own immune system produces antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogen.

Passive Immunity In passive immunity, individuals do not have the antibodies, but rather, are passed down to them naturally or through human intervention. This is a temporary fix. Lasting only a few months. Antibodies are passed from mother to fetus during the last month of pregnancy or through breastfeeding after birth. Antibodies are introduced directly into the blood stream. OR

Comparing and Contrasting - Preventing Infectious Disease Comparing and Contrasting As you read, compare and contrast active immunity and passive immunity in a Venn diagram like the one below. Write the similarities in the space where the circles overlap and the differences on the left and right sides. Active Immunity Passive Immunity Antibodies are given; the body does not make antibodies. The body makes antibodies. Can prevent diseases Immunity can be acquired from the mother during pregnancy. Memory cells recognize antigens. May involve an injection Immunity may last for years or a lifetime. Immunity lasts only a few months.

End of Section: Preventing Infectious Disease