Ternopil State Medical University named by I. Horbachevskyj Department of Therapeutic Dentistry Topic: Filling materials for permanent and temporary fillings and linings. General requirements. Classification. Modern filling materials (cements, amalgam, composite materials). Composition, properties. Indications for use. Lecturer : Levkiv Mariana.

1. Classification of filling materials Depending to which group the tooth belongs, filling materials are distinguished:  For front group of teeth  For molars and premolars According to the material from which restorative materials are produced, they are divided into: Metals : amalgam, alloys, pure metals (gold); Non metals: cements, plastic, composite materials. According to the purpose Filling materials are divided for: Permanent Temporary Permanent Temporary

Light-curing composite filling material

Therapeutic linings Calcium hydroxide cements Zinc oxide/eugenol cements

Objectives of pulp protection are as follows:. ■ Therapeutic: Stimulate odontoblasts to lay down reparative dentine. Encourage remineralisation of dentine. Act against any remaining bacteria. ■ Protect from chemicals. These may come from the oral cavity, bacteria or from the restorative material. ■ Protect from temperature. Metal restorative materials, such as amalgam and gold, will transmit changes in temperature from the oral cavity and, in the absence of a suitable layer of dentine in deep cavities, additional protection must be provided. ■ Seal the dentinal tubules. This will prevent fluids containing bacteria, molecules and ions entering the dentinal tubules, and as a result prevent pain and possible further caries.

Materials for therapeutic linings

a – b - Methods of pulp protection a – ‘indirect pulp capping’ b - ‘direct pulp capping’

Classification of cements Zinc-phosphate cements Zinc-sulfate cements Zinc-eugenol cements Glass-ionomer cements Poly-carboxylate cements

Zinc-phosphate cement

Mixing rules of phospate cement

Silicate cements

Mixing rules for silicate cement

Silico-phosphate cement

Poly-carboxylate cement

Glass ionomers They also have a low tensile strength which makes them brittle and unsuitable for use in load-bearing areas in permanent teeth. They are used as lining and luting materials and to restore abrasion and erosion lesions, cervical lesions and deciduous (primary) teeth and as interim restorations. It must be appreciated, however, that they are less translucent than resin composite restoratives and therefore their appearance is less acceptable.

Glass ionomers

Ready to use formulations of glass- ionomer cement

Dental amalgam

Useage of silver amalgam: а – amalgam is taken out from the capsule; б, в, г – filling of I, II and V classes respectively

Amalgam without gamma-2 phase - Sybraloy (Kerr)

Amalgamtreggers

Instruments for placing amalgam into carious cavity

Finishing of amalgam filling

Composite materials Macrofilled 0,04 – 0,1 (8 – 12 мcм) Microfilled 0,04 – 0,1 – 1 – 5 (1 -5 мcм ) Hybride ( has macro- and micro- particles) Nanohybride (has nano-particles – 0,0004 мcм)

Chemical cured composite

Light-curing units

Light-curing composite material

Conditioning of dentine

Dentine conditioning and adhesion. (a) Freshly cut dentine surface. (b) Conditioned dentine. (c) With bonding agent applied.