Essential Question Examine the reasons for the USA’s change of attitude towards Japan between 1931 and 1941 Learning Outcomes - Students will: ◦ Review – how far have they come? ◦ Learn about internationalism ◦ Learn about the end of internationalism Success Criteria  I can add to my table of causes of War with Japan Leave space for 3 lessons

 What has Japan done to anger the international community?

 League of Nations  Collective Security  Kellogg-Briand Pact  Lytton Report  Isolationism  Neutrality Acts  Stimson Doctrine  Tripartite Act

 Pg. 54~98 ◦ Make sure you are adding to  Notes  Essential Question ◦ IB Math  Notes only = max 5  Textbook only = max 5  Notes + Textbook = 6~7 3 Lessons

 Established in the Treaty of Versailles, however the US is not a member ◦ Centered around the idea of Collective Security ◦ Ex Kellogg-Briand Pact  Promised not to use war to solve disputes (Japan signed)

 1932 Lytton Report ◦ Japan should give Manchuria back to China and the League will not recognize Manchukuo  Problem ◦ Didn’t England and France gain their empires by force?  1933 – Japan withdraws from the League  Why not a stronger response? ◦ France – benefited from a weak China ◦ England – didn’t have anything to do with the situation ◦ Economy – The Depression meant that Western countries had bigger concerns ◦ Fear of Communism – Japan would stop the spread What would you do if you were the League of Nations? Remember: Actions have consequences Impact: Shows the League is weak Japan continues conquest Italy noticed Impact: Shows the League is weak Japan continues conquest Italy noticed

 Isolationism  Why? ◦ WW1 – US did not want to get involved in European affairs ◦ Depression – more concerned fixing their own problems (New Deal) ◦ Trade – continued to trade with Japan and actually saw a benefit to Japan taking over parts of China ◦ Non-involvement  Stimson Doctrine – will not recognize any violation of Chinese territory  Neutrality Acts – US would not supply arms, will not give loans ◦ No Navy – Congress refused to give funding to the development of a Pacific navy

 US became more aggressive towards Japanese expansionism ◦ Ex – “moral embargo” on planes, credit to Japan was stopped ◦ Ex – ignored the Neutrality act and gave $25 million to nationalists in China  Why? ◦ Sino-Japanese War  US had economic interests in China  Dec ’37 – Japanese sink USS Paney in the Yangtze R. as it escorted an oil tanker ◦ "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere“  Any country that didn’t want to be included would be an enemy ◦ International Context  Hitler’s success in Europe

 Why? ◦ Hitler recognized the growing US-Japanese tension and feared the US joining the war in Europe on the British side ◦ Japan recognized the threat of the growing US navy in the Pacific; with Nazi success in the war, Japan feared that it would miss out; with the Nazi-Soviet Pact, wanted to get back on Hitler’s good side  1940 Tripartite Act (Germany, Italy, Japan) ◦ Recognize Japan’s right to establish a “New Order” in East Asia ◦ Would declare war on any country, not in the war already, if they attack another  Specifically directed at the US, letting them know that if they attack in Europe, they will be at war with Japan

Causes of the Mukden Incident Causes of the Sino-Japanese War Causes of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor Nationalism Militarism Political situation in Japan Economic situation in Japan Situation in China Actions of the West Conclusions Complete these sections Don’t do yet

Essential Question Examine the reasons for the USA’s change of attitude towards Japan between 1931 and 1941 Learning Outcomes - Students will: ◦ Review – Japanese-US relations ◦ Learn about what changed in the 1940s ◦ Complete your table explaining the reaction of the West to Japanese aggression Success Criteria  I can complete my table Leave space for 3 lessons

 Describe the relationship between the US and Japan ◦ Pre-1938? ◦ Post 1938? ◦ What changed?

 Matsuoka  General Tojo

 Pg. 54~98 ◦ Make sure you are adding to  Notes  Essential Question ◦ IB Math  Notes only = max 5  Textbook only = max 5  Notes + Textbook = 6~7 3 Lessons

 Diplomacy and Economic Sanctions had failed to end the Sino-Japanese War  Action ◦ Moved Pacific fleet from California to Pearl Harbor  Meant to deter the Japanese and support the British  Japanese reaction – plan an attack ◦ 1940 – Tripartite Pact made it clear to the Japanese that war was inevitable ◦ Belief was that the US would not stand by and watch Japan take over SE Asia, but they also knew they could not win an all-out war with the US ◦ A surprise attack coordinated with an attack throughout SE Asia would give Japan the resources it would need (oil) and the US would be willing to accept a peace agreement

 March 1941 – Hitler meets the Japanese foreign minister Matsuoka and urges Japan to attack Singapore ◦ Hitler promises to assist Japan if their actions in Asia cause a war with the US  After meeting with Hitler, Matsuoka meets with Stalin and signs a non-aggression pact ◦ Japan can now divert its resources towards SE Asia  July 1941 – with the Japanese takeover of Indo-China, the US introduces an oil embargo and freezes all Japanese assets in the US ◦ August – total embargo on all war related equipment

 US demands that Japan leave China (not Manchuria) and give up on its Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere  PM Konoye wanted to avoid war and liked the US proposal ◦ The militants wanted war  October – PM Konoye is replaced by General Tojo  Nov. 3 – Japanese navy given approval for a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor

Causes of the Mukden Incident Causes of the Sino-Japanese War Causes of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor Nationalism Militarism Political situation in Japan Economic situation in Japan Situation in China Actions of the West Conclusions Complete this section

Essential Question Examine the reasons for the USA’s change of attitude towards Japan between 1931 and 1941 Learning Outcomes - Students will: ◦ Preview – who started WW2? ◦ Learn about the different historiography schools of thought ◦ Relate historiography to their completed table from the previous classes Success Criteria  I can fill out a table for the different historiographical schools of thought Leave space for 3 lessons

 Who is responsible for starting the war in the Pacific?  How much blame should the emperor of Japan receive for starting the war?

 Left-wing Historian  Right-wing Historian  Orthodox  Revisionist  Traditionalist

 Pg. 54~98 ◦ Make sure you are adding to  Notes  Essential Question ◦ IB Math  Notes only = max 5  Textbook only = max 5  Notes + Textbook = 6~7 3 Lessons

War Began WhyHistorianWhen Example: Pearl Harbor Left-Wing Right-Wing Orthodox Revisionist Traditionalist Leave 3 lines for each category

 Left-wing ◦ War began: 1931 ◦ Why: militarist capitalist clique started the 15-year war ◦ Historian: Ikuhiko Hata – “The Manchurian incident, the war in China, and the war in the Pacific should not be viewed separately but as one continuous war”  Right-wing ◦ War began: Dec 1941 ◦ Why: “Great East Asian War” – Japan freeing Asia from Western colonialism  Ex. Without this, there would be no independence movement after the war ◦ Historian: Masaaki Tanaka and Hirofumi Hayashi

 Orthodox ◦ When: 1937 ◦ Why: Japanese war of aggression and are solely responsible for the war in the Pacific ◦ Historian: Saburo Ienaga  Revisionist ◦ When: Dec 1941 ◦ Why: Japan acted to purge Western influence in Asia and that US wanted war ◦ Historian: JH Boyle

 Traditionalist ◦ Why: Emperor didn’t want war, but he had no choice but to follow the militarists ◦ Historian: Stephen Large  Revisionists ◦ Why: Emperor Hirohito supported the expansionists and could have stepped in and stopped it at anytime, but chose not to ◦ Historian: Sterling Seagrove

War Began WhyHistorianWhen Example: Pearl Harbor Left-Wing Right-Wing Orthodox Revisionist Traditionalist Why did Pearl Harbor Happen? The capitalist-militarists in Japan wished to expand their markets/colonies, but the US was getting in the way of this The emperor may have been aware of the attack, but, following the constitution, did not intervene with the gov’t’s decision What was the emperor’s role?

Causes of the Mukden Incident Causes of the Sino-Japanese War Causes of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor Nationalism Militarism Political situation in Japan Economic situation in Japan Situation in China Actions of the West Conclusions How could you include historiography in your table? Who said war began here? What was the West’s reaction to Pearl Harbor? Was it a surprise?