Question? How does science affect you in your daily life?

Some different types of science Biology Astronomy Meteorology Chemistry Geology Hydrology

So, how does science impact me?

Bell Ringer What does science mean to you?

What is Science? An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world Concepts cannot be made up

How do scientists think? Start with observations ◦ A process of gathering information in an orderly way ◦ Example – my computer won’t start. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? ◦ Information collected is called data

2 categories of data Quantitative – based on numbers ◦ Ex) there are 5 eggs in the nest she owns 75 pairs of shoes Qualitative – descriptive information that involves characteristics and cannot be counted ◦ Ex) the group appears to be happy they must be hungry

What do we do with data Use it to make an inference ◦ A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience ◦ Ex) OK drinking water?

Explaining and interpreting evidence PROBLEM ◦ What is the ball made out of? What would be your plan of action to try to answer the question?

What’s the ball made out of? Compare and Contrast Smell Feel Sound (black box) (scientific method graphic organizer)

Scientific Method 1. State a problem and research it 2. Form a hypothesis ◦ “if _______, then ________” statements ◦ A proposed scientific explanation ◦ Done using prior knowledge, logical inference and informed/creative imagination

Scientific method 3. Setting/Performing a controlled experiment ◦ Write out detailed procedure and conduct ◦ Only 1 variable changed at a time ◦ 3 variable types  Controlled – stays the same  Manipulated – deliberately changed  Responding –happens as a result of the manipulation 4. Observe, recording and interpret results 5. Drawing a conclusion ◦ What happened?

LEGO Procedure Lab Can your procedure be replicated? 1. Behind a screen, assemble 10 blocks into an unusual structure. Write directions that others can use to replicate that structure without seeing it. 2. Exchange directions with another team. Replicate the team’s structure by using its directions. 3. Compare each replicated and original structure. Identify which parts of the directions were clear and accurate, and which were unclear or misleading.

Post LEGO lab questions 1. How could you have written better directions? 2. Why is it important that scientists write procedures that can be replicated?

When you cannot experiment Sometime need to observe in natural setting (field studies) Sometimes experiments are not ethical ◦ human/animal right controversies ◦ So, they may try larger investigations ◦ Ex) use a group already exposed to a substance

Result of many investigations Theory – a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations ◦ a particular hypothesis that has evidence support from many investigations ◦ May be dominant view, but not absolutely true

Biology The study of life What makes something live? ◦ Needs to have the characteristics possessed by living things

Characteristics of Life - Video Video 1. Reproduce 1.Sexual 2.Asexual 2. Grow/Develop 3. Respond to Environment/Move ◦ Stimulus – a signal to which an organism responds 4. Obtain & Utilize Energy ◦ Metabolism – breaking down and building up of materials to carry out life processes stuffworks.com/h sw/8490- understanding- cells-the- characteristics- of-life-video.htm

More Characteristics of Life 5. Adaptations Evolution - the changing of an organism over time 5. Made of Cells The smallest live unit of an organism 7. Contain DNA Universal genetic code 7. Maintain Homeostasis The process of maintaining stable internal conditions

Important Qualities of Biology As organisms grow, they are able to evolve Allows the living world to be very diverse Among different organisms and similar organisms

How do we know all this stuff? Remember… ◦ Science is a collection of facts that are proven to be true through the use of research Scientists use a series of steps to investigate answers to questions they may have ◦ Scientific Method

Reinforcement name the characteristic of life described in each example. 1. That boy shot up five inches in only one year. 2. Our cat had a litter of kittens yesterday. 3. Eat a good breakfast and you will run longer. 4. When that car moved, our cat ran under the porch. 5. The owls night vision allows it to see mice on the darkest of night. 6. Single celled organisms live in that pond. 7. Your body normally maintains a temperature of 98.6  F. 8. Scientists can prove if 2 organisms are similar by looking at their chemical make-up.

Reinforcement determine if the following describes a living or non-living thing. 1. Rust on a car 2. An apple on a tree 3. Bacteria 4. Lightning 5. Dinosaur Fossil 6. A wasp

Tools and Procedures Use same standards in order to replicate procedures Measuring – metric system (meter, liter, gram, Celsius) Analyzing – tables and graphs Microscopes – magnify images not seen by naked eye

Techniques Cell cultures – making many cells from 1 cell Cell fractionation – separating 1 part of a cell from another Safety – remember to always be SAFE!