8.1 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks TELECOMMUNICATIONSANDNETWORKS

8.2 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks What technologies are used in telecommunications systems?What technologies are used in telecommunications systems? What telecommunications transmission media should our organization use?What telecommunications transmission media should our organization use? How should our organization design its networks?How should our organization design its networks? continued OBJECTIVES

8.3 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks What alternative network services are available to our organization?What alternative network services are available to our organization? What telecommunications applications can be used for electronic commerce and electronic business?What telecommunications applications can be used for electronic commerce and electronic business? OBJECTIVES (continued)

8.4 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks NEW COLLEGE CAMPUS MEANS A NEW NETWORK

8.5 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks 1.Managing LANs 2.Managing bandwidth MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

8.6 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Telecommunications: Communication of information by electronic meansCommunication of information by electronic means Includes digital data transmission as well as voice transmissionIncludes digital data transmission as well as voice transmission

8.7 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks 1.Computers to process information 2.Terminals or any input/output devices that send or receive data 3.Communications channels –The links between devices in a network 4.Communications processors –Modems, multiplexors, controllers, etc. 5.Communications software Telecommunications System Components 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.8 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Telecommunications System Components 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.9 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Transmit informationTransmit information Establish interface between sender and the receiverEstablish interface between sender and the receiver Route messages along most efficient pathsRoute messages along most efficient paths Functions of Telecommunications Systems 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.10 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Perform elementary processing of informationPerform elementary processing of information Perform editorial tasks on dataPerform editorial tasks on data Convert message speed or formatConvert message speed or format Control flow of informationControl flow of information Protocol Protocol : A set of rules and procedures that govern transmission between the components in a network Functions of Telecommunications Systems 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.11 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Analog Signal Continuous waveformContinuous waveform Passes through communications mediumPasses through communications medium Used for voice communicationsUsed for voice communications Types of Signals: Analog and Digital 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.12 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Digital Signal Discrete waveformDiscrete waveform Transmits data coded into two discrete states as 1-bits and 0-bitsTransmits data coded into two discrete states as 1-bits and 0-bits Used for data communicationsUsed for data communications Types of Signals: Analog and Digital 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.13 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Types of Signals: Analog and Digital Modem Translates computer’s digital signals into analog and vice versaTranslates computer’s digital signals into analog and vice versa

8.14 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Channels: The means by which data or voice are transmitted from one device to another Communications Channels 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.15 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Twisted Wire:Twisted Wire: –Pairs of twisted copper wires –Used for analog conversations as in telephone systems Coaxial Cable:Coaxial Cable: –Thickly insulated copper wire –Can transmit large quantities of data quickly –Cable television Fiber Optics and Optical Networks:Fiber Optics and Optical Networks: –Fast, light, durable transmission medium –Consists of thin strands of clear glass fibre Communications Channels 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.16 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks BackboneBackbone –Part of the network that handles the major traffic and provides the primary path for traffic flowing to or from other networks Optical NetworksOptical Networks –High speed networking technologies for transmitting data in the form of light pulses Communications Channels 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.17 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Dense Wavelength Division MultiplexingDense Wavelength Division Multiplexing –Technology for boosting transmission capacity of optical fibre –Uses many different wavelengths to carry separate streams of data over the same strand, at the same time Communications Channels 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.18 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Wireless TransmissionWireless Transmission –Microwave High-volume, long-distance, point-to-point transmissions –Satellites Transmission using orbiting satellites, long-distance –Paging systems –Cellular telephones –Personal communication services –Personal digital assistants –Mobile data networks Communications Channels 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.19 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Communications Channels 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.20 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Communications Channels 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Transmission Speeds Baud:Baud: –A change in signal from positive to negative and vice versa –Used as a measure of transmission speed Bandwidth:Bandwidth: –The capacity of a communications channel –Measured by the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies that can be transmitted

8.21 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Communications Channels 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

8.22 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks 8.1 COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Front-End Processor:Front-End Processor: –Manages communications for the host computer Concentrator:Concentrator: –Collects and temporarily stores messages Controller:Controller: –Supervises communication traffic Multiplexer:Multiplexer: –Enables single communication channel to carry multiple data transmissions Communications Processors and Software

8.23 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Star Network: All computers and other devices are connected to a central host computerStar Network: All computers and other devices are connected to a central host computer Bus Network: Links a number of computers by a single circuitBus Network: Links a number of computers by a single circuit Ring Network: All computers are linked by a closed loopRing Network: All computers are linked by a closed loop Network Topologies

8.24 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Network Topologies

8.25 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Network Topologies

8.26 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Network Topologies

8.27 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Private Branch Exchanges (PBX) Central switching systemCentral switching system Handles a firm’s voice and digital communicationsHandles a firm’s voice and digital communications Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.28 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Local Area Networks (LAN) Requires its own dedicated channelsRequires its own dedicated channels Encompasses a limited distanceEncompasses a limited distance –Usually a building or several buildings in close proximity Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.29 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.30 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Local Area Networks (LAN) GatewayGateway –A communications processor that connects dissimilar networks –Translates protocols RouterRouter –Device that transfers packets of data between LANs or WANs Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.31 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Local Area Networks (LAN) Network Interface Card (NIC)Network Interface Card (NIC) –A device that connects the computer to the network transmission medium –Specifies data transfer rate, size of data units, and other network information Network Operating System (NOS)Network Operating System (NOS) –Special software that routes and manages communications on the network –Coordinates network resources Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.32 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Local Area Networks (LAN) Peer-to-PeerPeer-to-Peer –Network architecture that permits computers on a network to exchange data and share peripheral devices Wireless LANsWireless LANs –Wi-Fi (802.11b) standard: Up to 11 Mbps, low cost, high-speed mobile Internet access, links work groups Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.33 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Other Network Services Packet switchingPacket switching –Technology that breaks blocks of data into fixed bundles and routes them in the most economical way through any available channel Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.34 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.35 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Other Network Services Frame relayFrame relay –A shared network service technology that packages data into bundles for transmission but does not use error-correction routines –Cheaper and faster than packet-switching Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.36 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Other Network Services Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ASM)Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ASM) –A networking technology that parcels information into 53 groups of eight-byte cells –Allows data to be transferred between computers from different vendors Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) –International standard for transmitting data over telephone lines Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.37 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Other Network Services Bluetooth standard:Bluetooth standard: –Up to 720 Kbps –Small personal area networks, metres Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.38 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Wide Area Networks (WANs) Span large geographical distanceSpan large geographical distance Consist of variety of cable, satellite, and microwave technologiesConsist of variety of cable, satellite, and microwave technologies Switched linesSwitched lines –Call/data routed through paths to destination Dedicated linesDedicated lines –Continuously available for transmission by a lessee Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.39 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Value-Added Networks (VANs) Private, multipath, data-only, third- party-managed networkPrivate, multipath, data-only, third- party-managed network Used by multiple organizations by subscriptionUsed by multiple organizations by subscription Network Services and Broadband Technologies 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.40 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Other Network Services Digital subscriber line (DSL)Digital subscriber line (DSL) –High capacity transmission using existing copper telephone lines Cable modemsCable modems –Modem designed to use cable TV lines to access the Internet or corporate intranets T1 lineT1 line –A dedicated telephone connection using 24 channels –Data transfer at Mbps –Broadband Network Services and Broadband Technologies 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.41 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Network Services and Broadband Technologies 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.42 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Converged Network Enables voice, video and data to run over a single networkEnables voice, video and data to run over a single network Unified Messaging System combining voice messages, , and faxSystem combining voice messages, , and fax Network Convergence 8.2 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.43 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Electronic Mail and Groupware Eliminates telephone tag and costly long-distance telephone charges Eliminates telephone tag and costly long-distance telephone charges Groupware: Enables work groups at different locations to participate in discussion forums and work on shared documents and projectsGroupware: Enables work groups at different locations to participate in discussion forums and work on shared documents and projects Electronic Mail and Groupware 8.3 E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGIES

8.44 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Voice Mail and Fax Voice Mail: Digitizes spoken message and transmits it over a networkVoice Mail: Digitizes spoken message and transmits it over a network Fax: Digitizes and transmits documents over telephone linesFax: Digitizes and transmits documents over telephone lines Voice Mail and Fax 8.3 E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGIES

8.45 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Teleconferencing:Teleconferencing: –Ability to confer with a group of people simultaneously Dataconferencing:Dataconferencing: –Two or more users can edit and modify data files simultaneously Videoconferencing:Videoconferencing: –Participants are able to see each other over video screens Teleconferencing, Dataconferencing, and Videoconferencing 8.3 E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGIES

8.46 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Digital Information Services, Distance Learning, and E-Learning 8.3 E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGIES

8.47 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Distance Learning:Distance Learning: –Education or training delivered over a distance to individuals in one or more locations E-Learning:E-Learning: –Instruction delivered through purely digital technology, such as CD-ROMs, the Internet, or private networks Digital Information Services, Distance Learning, and E-Learning 8.3 E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGIES

8.48 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Digital Information Services, Distance Learning, and E-Learning 8.3 E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGIES

8.49 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks EDI Direct computer-to-computer exchange between two organizations of standard business transaction documentsDirect computer-to-computer exchange between two organizations of standard business transaction documents Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 8.3 E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGIES

8.50 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 8.3 E-BUSINESS AND E-COMMERCE TECHNOLOGIES

8.51 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 8: Telecommunications and Networks TELECOMMUNICATIONSANDNETWORKS