28 September, 2005Slide 1 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption Dennis Jennings NSF Program Director for Networking (1985/86) ex University College.

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Presentation transcript:

28 September, 2005Slide 1 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption Dennis Jennings NSF Program Director for Networking (1985/86) ex University College Dublin

28 September, 2005Slide 2 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption Background / Context –The “Internet” concept invented; research phase completed. no large scale demonstration. –US (Academic) Research the driver

28 September, 2005Slide 3 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption Start of the Decade

28 September, 2005Slide 4 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1980 –Telecomms: Low Cost, Low regulation –Campus Networks: None –Networks: ARPANET, MFENET, Usenet –TCP/IP Implementations: BBN/ARPANET –Routers: BBN/ARPANET –Network Protocols: Proprietary - Decnet, SNA, VNET, Misc. –ARPANET success inspired – but access limited –PC / Workstations – yet to come

28 September, 2005Slide 5 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1980 to 1984

28 September, 2005Slide 6 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1980 – 1984 –Telecomms: *** More competition / more deregulation T1, T3 Circuits available and cost effective Falling costs –Campus Networks: Ad-hoc departmental All standards – Ethernet (1980) Few ubiquitous networks

28 September, 2005Slide 7 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1980 – 1984 –Agency Networks: MFEnet – DECNET – 1976/1980 (ESNET 1985) ARPANET – (TCP/IP 1983) *** SPAN – DECNET – 1981 –Community Networks: Usenet BITNET – VNET – 1981 CSnet – TCP/IP – 1981 (+ARPANET) ***

28 September, 2005Slide 8 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1980 – 1984 –TCP/IP (DARPA Protocol Suite) Implementations: BSD 4.2 Unix – 1983 (DARPA) *** ARPANET – TCP/IP (1983) VAX: Wollongong (1984?) IBM: Wisconsin (1984?) Cray: None

28 September, 2005Slide 9 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1980 – 1984 –Main Protocols: DECNET – VAXen SNA – Mainframe number crunchers TCP/IP – Unix Workstations – Sun *** –Routers: BBN Cisco/ Proteon/ Ungermann Bass (1984) Ad-hoc

28 September, 2005Slide 10 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1984

28 September, 2005Slide 11 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1984 –Recognition: Networking important. CSnet success NSF’s Advanced Scientific Computing Initiative (OASC) – network required –Budget: Allocated for supercomputer network (NSF – ~10%) –Program Director Appointment made – to start 1 January 1985

28 September, 2005Slide 12 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1985

28 September, 2005Slide 13 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1985 – NSFNET Key Decisions –NTAG To appoint a technical advisory group to advise (and, more generally, to build consensus among the US academic research community) –General Purpose Network: to develop a general purpose national network for all (science and engineering) research, not just a specialised network for supercomputer users, in order to achieve the mission goals - i.e. to provide all of the science and engineering research community with access to supercomputing power (and by extension to all researchers/academics)

28 September, 2005Slide 14 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1985 – NSFNET Key Decisions –An Internet: to develop a network of networks – an Internet – rather that a dedicated single supercomputer network. –TCP/IP: to adopt the TCP/IP (DARPA) protocol suite – the Internet protocols. to mandate that the TCP/IP protocol suite be adopted (in due course) by all existing supercomputer networks funded by the NSF’s Advanced Scientific Computing programme.

28 September, 2005Slide 15 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1985 – NSFNET Key Decisions –Architecture: to build a three-tier network – based on: –campus LANs, –Regional, Supercomputer, and community networks (e.g. CSNET, BITNET), ARPANET, and –a national backbone network - linking the national supercomputer centres/networks (and through them the regional and campus networks).

28 September, 2005Slide 16 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1985 – NSFNET Key Decisions –To fund mid level networks the supercomputer centre networks - the JvNC network, provided it was TCP/IP; * - the SDSC network, provided it migrated to TCP/IP in due course the start-up of State and Regional networks (e.g. NYSERNET, SURANET, BARRNET, etc.) and to encourage local funding or these networks.

28 September, 2005Slide 17 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1985 – NSFNET Key Decisions –(To fund mid level networks) the start-up of a number of “high speed” (T1 – 1.5 Mbit) networks. the CSnet Cypress project the BITNET TCP/IP project

28 September, 2005Slide 18 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1985 – NSFNET Key Decisions –Not to fund campus networks not to fund the campus networks, but to leave to the campuses the responsibility for the delivery of networking to the end users (Campus “Gateways” were funded). –To fund the NSFNET backbone 17 September 1985

28 September, 2005Slide 19 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption

28 September, 2005Slide 20 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1985 – NSFNET Key Decisions –Routers to use an interim router solution (Dave Mill’s Fuzzball) for the NSFNET backbone (to permit the industry time to develop routers that met the standard router specification). to develop a specification for a standard router (RFC985).

28 September, 2005Slide 21 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1985 – NSFNET Key Decisions - continued While all of these decisions may seem reasonably obvious with hindsight, none of these decisions was seen by everyone involved as obviously necessary or correct at the time, and all of the decisions were controversial, hotly debated, and contested.

28 September, 2005Slide 22 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1986

28 September, 2005Slide 23 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1986 – NSFNET Early Implementations –Backbone (56Kb) –Supercomputer Centre Networks (56/T1) –Regionals (56Kb) (BARRNET at T1) –ARPANET expansion (slow) –Csnet Cypress Project –BITNET – TCP/IP Project –Campus Networks

28 September, 2005Slide 24 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1987 to 1989

28 September, 2005Slide 25 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1987 – 1989: Rapid Growth –NSFNET T1 Backbone –Professional Management (Merit/ IBM/ MCI) –Regionals – growth and interconnection – professional management – privatisation – commercialisation …. –Campus networks –NSFNET T3 Backbone planned –Everyone wanted to be on the network / Internet –US FCCSET coordination and planning

28 September, 2005Slide 26 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1987 – 1989: The Engineering Phase –TCP/IP implementations –Routing development –Performance enhancement –Tools for information discovery …..

28 September, 2005Slide 27 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1987 – 1989: The Commercial Phase –Commercial router development –Commercial Networks UUNET (Commercial – 1989) PSInet (1989) –Everyone wanted to be on the network / Internet

28 September, 2005Slide 28 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption … and By the End of the Decade

28 September, 2005Slide 29 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption 1990 –The US National Research Network was in place –The Internet was in place –The Commercial Internet was beginning –The stage was set - for the next Eruption……

28 September, 2005Slide 30 From ARPANET to LambdaGrid: The 1980s Eruption ……………………..