NATO UNCLASSIFIED Bi-SC Concept for Connecting NATO and National Training Capabilities IPR Angel San Jose Martin ACT Project Manager Wolfhard Schmidt LTC, DEU A JFTC Team Leader 10 July 2014 NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Agenda CFI Background Preliminary Findings in Training and Exercises Selected Areas of Focus: Participation in CAX - Issues Training and Exercise Experiences and Impressions Interoperability Experiences and Impressions Participation in Multi-national exercises Observations and Conclusions

Connected Forces Initiative Scope “After 2014, NATO is expected to shift its emphasis from operational engagement to operational preparedness.” CFI’s prevailing philosophy: Connecting Allied Forces to enhance and sustain Interoperability Expanded Education and Training, increased Exercises Better use of Technology Connect NATO with others to facilitate Interagency Actions Connect with Partners to enable cooperative Security Intent: To deliver a mutually-reinforcing, globally-oriented education and training system which is more connected, more effective and more efficient. CFI is Not: A Substitute for National Training responsibilities but an “add-on.” A Cost Free Solution for National Training.

Aim, Objectives, and Scope Bi-SC Concept Aim. To identify requirements, gaps and propose solutions to connect NATO and national training capabilities to facilitate joint collective training, exercises. Objectives. To identify Joint collective training and exercise requirements. To identify existing capabilities within NATO, national programs, and national training facilities. To identify the gaps between these requirements and capabilities. To employ the DOTMLPFI construct to provide recommendations to overcome the identified gaps. To serve as a “discussion-driving” forcing function among the nations and NATO. To establish a common lexicon and understanding of terms and definitions. Scope. An analysis, which identifies potential seams and capability gaps, and recommends solutions to overcome capability deficiencies for NATO collective training and exercises. The identification of federation possibilities among the various tools available in the NATO and national training facilities to deliver mutually reinforcing and globally oriented collective training and exercises. NATO education requirements for CFI are considered a separate category outside the scope of this concept.

Bi-SC CFI Technology Focus Areas Federated Mission Networking Distributed Education, Training and Exercises. Improved e-Learning and enhanced use of modelling and simulation Better connecting NATO and national training Centers Improved exercises through better use of modern technology Improved demonstration and validation of interoperable capabilities The third pillar of the Connected Forces Initiative is covered by Chapter 8 “Technological aspects” of the Implementation Plan. Five subject areas In response to the Chicago Summit, Military Committee tasked the Strategic Commands (with HQ SACT in the lead), to take forward the technological aspects of the CFI identified (in AC/259-D(2013)0002-REV4, AC/322-D(2013)0001-REV4 ) by the Conference of National Armaments Directors and the Consultation, Command and Control Board (CNAD/C3B) and suggested to the NATO military authorities. The MC however constraint the Strategic command to investigate in the five focus areas that you see on the screen. For each subject area, the component parts/activities are set out alongside milestones and expected benefits. Milestones in the chapter 8 are also reflected in the overall CFI Roadmap. 35 activities within subject areas 35 activities were identified within 5 subjects areas. I can name, for example, main activities, which includes: Simulation Concept in support of NATO Forces 2020; Requirements for the NATO Core Simulation; Connection of NATO and National Training Capabilities Concept; Federated Mission Networking implementation; New technologies in support of exercises, education and training And Interoperability validation and demonstration. Through these intended actions, the NATO Military Authorities (NMAs) will support the development of 3 key deliverables to support NATO forces 2020. I will detail these in the next slide Expected Benefits It is expected that these technology based activities will report the following benefits: Enhance the connection of NATO forces by providing capabilities and solutions to: Improve the way we exercise, educate and train by the better use of modern technologies in the areas of modeling and simulation; Enhance the effectiveness of how we share information by implementing the Federated Mission Network Concept Ensure interoperability between allied forces and systems by enhanced the way we validate and test interoperability in NATO. A substantial reduction of manpower and resources to plan and execute exercises is also expected. New capabilities and tools will allow to rise the number of collected and individual training opportunities without penalizing NATO and national budgets Finally, through SMART defense, CFI provides an opportunity to better align NATO and national research and development programs towards NATO Forces 2020.

Bottom Line Up Front Growing need for exercises below the Joint and Operational Level Larger nations have the capabilities that meet their requirements. Smaller nations will cooperate with larger nations for multi-national training and exercises. Common scenarios, generic forces, data bases, and terrain data will become the norm to facilitate rapid exercise planning and conduct of exercises. Unclassified networks will be the communication means of choice due to information security barriers associated with classified networks Deployable brigade-size units will be the norm for the majority of NATO nations and likely be the norm for the partners. More simulations will be federated to maximize the capabilities of the various simulations and tools. Exercise planning will move to mini-MTEPs because the current NATO planning time and sequence takes too long. The CFI concept is being taken seriously by the nations.

Focus Areas 1 Decreasing the lead time required for exercise preparation (both CAX and distributed exercises) Common scenarios, generic forces, data bases, and terrain data represent opportunities to facilitate rapid exercise planning and conduct of exercises. Increasing access to unclassified networks will enhance communication and connectivity, resulting in a reduction in training and exercise preparation time Exercise planning will move to mini-MTEPs because the current NATO planning time and sequence takes too long. Promotion of an increase in the use federations will provide an opportunity to maximize the capabilities of current simulations and tools. These preliminary findings come out of our initial analysis of the survey to the nations and NATO as well as Exercise and event AARs and Lessons Observed. 2 Enhancing connectivity among NATO command & control systems The development of standardized C2 methodologies for NATO systems may enhance connectivity Enhancing connectivity among national systems Encouraging the development of standardized C2 methodologies for national systems may enhance connectivity. 3 4 Increasing participation in multi-national exercises While larger nations have the capabilities that meet their requirements, smaller nations will likely begin to cooperate with larger nations for multi-national training and exercises.

Long Lead Time for Preparation Problem. Long lead times have a negative impact on command and control, resources, personnel and the ability to participate in an increased number of exercises. Among survey participants, the requirement of a long lead time for preparation is the most frequent experience. Opportunities to reduce the amount of time required for preparation could increase CAX participation. Future work should examine efficiencies that would reduce preparation lead time, for example developing standardized CAX processes and procedures that would allow participants to be more prepared prior to the exercise. CAX participation currently focuses on major NATO and/or national lead exercises. Fewer report participation in multi-national or specialist exercises. Implementation of procedures and/or processes that would facilitate participation in multi-national exercises should be encouraged. Additional research may be required to understand specific limitations to participation in multi-national exercises. NOTE: Answers for respondents who selected “other” are summarized on the following slide Assessment. Doctrinal and regulatory changes are needed which includes alignment of national and NATO Exercise planning methodologies. Conclusion. Creation of a streamlined, efficient, well understood planning process across nations will be a major aspect of CFI that will give value to the nations and NATO.

Survey Respondent Additional CAX Experience Comments Specific comments about how to improve CAX training events. Q9

Connecting Using NATO Systems Problem. Participants in CAX and distributed exercises request increased support in connecting using NATO systems. Just under half report an experience connecting using NATO systems, but close to two-thirds indicate that this is an area that would be of valuable support to training and exercise. Assessment. Doctrinal, process, and procedural changes are needed to enhance the capability for participants to use NATO systems during exercises. Conclusion. Enhancement of processes and procedures and the use of common communication systems and hardware will assist participants across a variety of exercise types in connecting using NATO systems.

Comments Indicating a “Gap” in Capabilities related to multinational exercises Q12_Q13_Q14 comments related specifically to Q12_13_14

Connecting with Other Nations Problem. From an interoperability point of view, respondents request support in connecting with other nations and their communication systems. The issue of INFOSEC as it relates to networks must be addressed. There are two means because the top one represents the total sample including those who selected code A – “N/A. Group two shows the mean number of selections among respondents who found the questions applicable. Assessment. Doctrinal, processes, and procedural changes are needed to enhance the capability of participants to connect with other nations during training and exercises. Conclusion. Enhancement of processes and procedures to facilitate connectivity between and among nations will enhance the capability to connect NATO and national training and exercise capabilities.

Interoperability Comments Q17_18_19 comments related specifically to Q17_18_19

Increase Multi-national Participation Problem. Currently, participation in multi-national exercises typically occurs only with NATO led multi-national exercises. The frequency of multi-national exercises is going to increase as NATO moves to Forces 2020. The nations may have to increase their involvement in multi-national exercises to accommodate training opportunities. Implied goal is to shift toward use of federated multi-national NATO exercise. Assessment. The number of multi-national, NATO, and national exercises are going to increase. Participation in multi-national training and exercises will increase to promote interoperability among the nations. Conclusion. Implementation of processes and procedures that will encourage and facilitate participation in multi-national exercises may encourage increased participation in multi-national exercises.

Survey Respondent Additional Distributed Exercise Experience Comments Q10 comments related specifically to Q10

Survey Respondent Additional Multi-national Exercise Experience Comments Q11 comments related specifically to Q11

Observations and Conclusions The survey identifies four main areas for development: The development of standardized CAX and distributed exercise training and exercise processes and procedures that may allow participants to be more prepared prior to the exercise could enhance participation. Decreasing the lead time required for exercise preparation (both CAX and distributed exercises) 1 The development of standardized C2 methodologies for NATO systems may enhance connectivity. Enhancing connectivity among NATO command & control systems 2 The development of accepted and standardized C2 methodologies among nations may enhance connectivity. Enhancing connectivity between and among nations 3 Implementation of processes and procedures that would encourage and facilitate participation in multi-national exercises may encourage increased participation in multi-national exercises. Increasing participation in multi-national exercises 4