Explain differences between developing countries.

Global Variations in Development Physical -Climate -Relief -Resources -Environment -Natural Disasters Human -Population Growth -High levels of disease -Lack of industralisation and infrastructure -Trade -Debt -Civil wars / G’ment stability

Newly Industrial Countries (NIC) Asian Tigers Natural resources e.g tin and rubber in Malaysia, harbour in Singapore Large, flexible, hard working, low cost, labour supply Government encouragement of exporting manufactured goods e.g textiles, clothing, toys, plastic, leather, and footwear Attracted Transnational Corporations Companies were attracted to location close to growing Chinese market Employees encouraged to spend capital on these products Negatives -Exploitation of labour -Illegal migration from less developed neighbouring countries -Rapid expansion caused environmental problems -Heavy dependence on foreign investment – vulnerable to shifts in global economy -Corruption – contracts are awarded to relative or friends rather than competence You need to know your Singapore case study

Singapore Growth Harbour Growing Industries Well educated, hard working labour force Stable/driven Government Attracts TNCs

- Large natural harbour for importing and exporting - Location close to growing Chinese market and nearby to Pacific rim countries

Main Industries include: shipbuilding and repair, financial services, High tech industries, textiles

Supportive Government

Ethiopia Few natural resources Difficult climate Poor health, housing, sanitation and education Government in debt Civil war Aids/HIV holding back development

Drought can result in no yields and famine

Lack of any natural resources

War hinders development. -Governments would need to spend money rebuilding offices/roads/ houses/ hospitals rather than developing the country - Loss of middle aged men

Ethiopia -Few natural resources -Caught in cycle of poverty -Lack of industrial development -Based on subsistence farming with land degradation -G’ment lacking money and in debt -Civil war and corrupt G’ment -Poor health with endemic disease -Poor health, housing, sanitation and education -Aids/HIV holding back development -High pop growth with poor infrastructure