The Anatomy of the Brain Gross structure and Forbrain Upper Sixth Biology

Aims By the end of the lesson you should understand How the brain is studied The anatomy of the brain The functional divisions of the brain

How do we study the brain? Anatomy and histology Function….historically studied by using brain damage patients Broca’s area Stroke patients Tumour removal Alzheimer's patients and function of ACH

Brain damage

Brain Damage-rare vacuum Brain

Computer Assisted Tomography Cat Scans Use X-rays to distinguish between different tissues Section through the brain May give a 3-D structure

Positron Emission Tomography Pet Scan Activity of brain is measured 2-deoxyglucose labelled with isotope that emits positrons More active the tissue more is emitted

Magnetic resonance imaging MRI scan Involves magnets Equipment measures tiny magnetic fields in brain Magnetic effect of oxyhaemoglobin is less than deoxyhaemoglobin

Structure of the Brain The brain can be thought of as an expansion of the spinal cord Forebrain Diencephalon Midbrain Hindbrain All contain CSF Using page 56 sketch out these areas

Structure of the Brain External Cerebrum-two cerebral hemispheres

Surface of cerebrum Surface of each is the cerebral cortex Lobes-frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital Deep within- hippocampus and amygdala

Corpus Callosum Corpus callosum- connects The two cerebral hemesheres

Anatomy of the brain –vertical section Forebrain, the cerebrum Diencephalon-contains the thalamus and the hypothalamus Midbrain Hindbrain Cerebellum and the medulla oblongata

Function of the cerebrum Primary sensory areas- input Association areas take this information-integration Prefrontal and limbic Broca’s and Wernike’s areas, speech production and understanding left side Right side non verbal 3D perception